Showing 401-419 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2018
The consequences of influenza in the elderly (those age 65 years or older) are complications, hospitalisations, and death. The primary goal of influenza vaccination in the elderly is to reduce the risk of death among people who are most vulnerable. This i
- Vaccines for preventing Japanese encephalitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Vaccination is recognized as the only practical measure for preventing Japanese encephalitis. Production shortage, costs, and issues of licensure impair vaccination programmes in many affected countries. Concerns over vaccine effectiveness and safety also
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (blood-stage)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
A malaria vaccine is needed because of the heavy burden of mortality and morbidity due to this disease. This review describes the results of trials of blood (asexual)-stage vaccines. Several are under development, but only one (MSP/RESA, also known as Com
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (pre-erythrocytic)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Vaccines against all stages of the malaria parasite are in development, mainly for Plasmodium falciparum, which causes the most serious form of malaria. Pre-erythrocytic vaccines act to prevent or delay a malaria attack by attacking the sporozoite and liv
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (SPf66)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
A malaria vaccine is badly needed. SPf66 was one of the earliest vaccines developed. It is a synthetic peptide vaccine containing antigens from the blood stages of malaria linked together with an antigen from the sporozoite stage, and is targeted mainly a
- Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2012
Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Whilst pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) have the potential to prevent disease and death, the degree of protection afford
- Vaccines for preventing smallpox
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Smallpox was eradicated by 1980, but its possible use as a bioweapon has rekindled interest in the development of protective vaccines. Therefore, stockpiled calf lymph-derived vaccines and recently developed cell-cultured vaccines have been investigated t
- Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2013
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are commercially available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide
- Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2015
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It occurs in newborn infants born to mothers who do not have sufficient circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Pre
- Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2014
Although early-onset group B ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection is rare, it accounts for approximately 30% of neonatal infections, has a high mortality rate, and is acquired through vertical transmission from colonized mothers. Several trials have
- Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Nosocomial, late onset, sepsis occurs in up to 50% of infants of less than 1000gm at birth. The most frequent organism isolated is coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). A number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic low dose vancomyci
- Vibroacoustic stimulation for fetal assessment in labour in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate trace
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2012
Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) is a simple, non-invasive technique where a device is placed on the maternal abdomen over the region of the fetal head and sound is emitted at a predetermined level for several seconds. It is hypothesised that the res
- Vitamin A for treating measles in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jun-2011
Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is a recognized risk factor for severe measles infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily oral dose of vitamin A for two days to children with meas
- Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2016
In areas where vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health concern, the maternal dietary intake of vitamin A may be not sufficient to meet either the maternal nutritional requirements, or those of the breastfed infant, due the low retinol concentrations
- Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants six months of age or less
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2011
Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem in low and middle income countries. Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) provided to lactating postpartum mothers or to infants less than six months of age are two possible strategies to improve the n
- Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
Vitamin A is necessary for normal lung growth and the integrity of respiratory tract epithelial cells. Preterm infants have low vitamin A status at birth, and this has been associated with increased risk of developing chronic lung disease.
- Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Treating very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with pharmacologic doses of vitamin E as an antioxidant agent has been proposed for preventing or limiting retinopathy of prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia, and chronic lung disease. Howev
- Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2011
Damage caused by lung overdistension (volutrauma) has been implicated in the development bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Modern neonatal ventilation modes can target a set tidal volume as an alternative to traditional pressure-limited ventilation using
- Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2015
It has been suggested that low serum zinc levels may be associated with suboptimal outcomes of pregnancy such as prolonged labour, atonic postpartum haemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm labour and post-term pregnancies, although many of th
