Showing 401-420 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Oxytocin versus no treatment or delayed treatment for slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2013
Slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour is associated with an increased caesarean section rate and fetal and maternal morbidity. Oxytocin has long been advocated as a treatment for slow progress in labour but it is unclear to what extent it
- Pain control in first trimester surgical abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
First trimester abortions especially cervical dilation and suction aspiration are associated with pain, despite various methods of pain control.
- Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
The pain that women experience during labour is affected by multiple physiological and psychosocial factors and its intensity can vary greatly. Most women in labour require pain relief. Pain management strategies include non-pharmacological interventions
- Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2018
Various methods of conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) have been used during oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction. The choice of agent has been influenced by the quality of sedation and analgesia and by concerns about possible detrimental effects
- Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2021
Perineal pain is a common but poorly studied adverse outcome following childbirth. Pain may result from perineal trauma due to bruising, spontaneous tears, surgical incisions (episiotomies), or in association with operative vaginal births (ventouse or for
- Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2018
Parenteral opioids (intramuscular and intravenous drugs including patient-controlled analgesia) are used for pain relief in labour in many countries throughout the world. This review is an update of a review first published in 2010.
- Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2013
There are two common techniques for postoperative pain control after intra-abdominal surgery: patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous opioids and continuous epidural analgesia (CEA). It is uncertain which method has better pain control and few
- Pelvimetry for fetal cephalic presentations at or near term for deciding on mode of delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2017
Pelvimetry assesses the size of a woman's pelvis aiming to predict whether she will be able to give birth vaginally or not. This can be done by clinical examination, or by conventional X-rays, computerised tomography (CT) scanning, or magnetic resonance i
- Peri‐implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
In order to improve embryo implantation for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles the use of glucocorticoids has been advocated. It has been proposed that glucocorticoids may improve the intrauterine environment by
- Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2017
Most vaginal births are associated with trauma to the genital tract. The morbidity associated with perineal trauma can be significant, especially when it comes to third- and fourth-degree tears. Different interventions including perineal massage, warm or
- Perioperative antibiotics to prevent infection after first-trimester abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2012
There are two main strategies for the prevention of post-abortal upper genital tract infection: antibiotics given around the time of surgery for all women; and 'screen-and-treat', in which all women presenting for abortion are screened for genital infecti
- Pharmacologic Interventions for Pregnant Women Enrolled in Alcohol Treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Excessive alcohol use during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal effects. It is therefore important to develop and evaluate effective interventions during this important time in a woman's life. To our knowledge there have been
- Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2017
Induction of labour is carried out for a variety of indications and using a range of methods. For women at low risk of pregnancy complications, some methods of induction of labour or cervical ripening may be suitable for use in outpatient settings.
- Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2020
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. It occurs when there is a build-up of bile acids in the maternal blood. It has been linked to adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. As the pathophysiolo
- Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Preterm infants are at risk of periventricular haemorrhage (PVH). Phenobarbital might prevent ischaemic injury or reduce fluctuations in blood pressure and blood flow in the brain.
- Piracetam for fetal distress in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Piracetam is thought to promote the metabolism of brain cells when they are hypoxic. It has been used to prevent adverse effects of fetal distress.
- Placental cord drainage after vaginal delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Cord drainage in the third stage of labour involves unclamping the previously clamped and divided umbilical cord and allowing the blood from the placenta to drain freely into an appropriate receptacle.
- Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2015
Poor outcomes after breech birth might be the result of underlying conditions causing breech presentation or due to factors associated with the delivery.
- Planned caesarean section for women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal mortality, mainly related to prematurity, but complications during birth may contribute to perinatal loss or morbidity. The option of planned caesarean section to avoid such complications must there
- Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2017
Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is managed expectantly or by planned early birth. It is not clear if waiting for birth to occur spontaneously is better than intervening, e.g. by inducing labour.
