Showing 401-420 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Oxytocin augmentation of labour in women with epidural analgesia for reducing operative deliveries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2013
The rate of operative deliveries (both caesarean sections, vacuum extractions and forceps), continues to rise throughout the world. These are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. The most common reasons for operative births in null
- Oxytocin for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Induction of labour after prelabour rupture of membranes may reduce the risk of neonatal infection.
- Oxytocin receptor antagonists for inhibiting preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jun-2014
Preterm birth, defined as birth between 20 and 36 completed weeks, is a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. Oxytocin receptor antagonists (ORA), such as atosiban, have been specially developed for the treatment of preterm labo
- Oxytocin versus no treatment or delayed treatment for slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2013
Slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour is associated with an increased caesarean section rate and fetal and maternal morbidity. Oxytocin has long been advocated as a treatment for slow progress in labour but it is unclear to what extent it
- Pain control in first trimester surgical abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
First trimester abortions especially cervical dilation and suction aspiration are associated with pain, despite various methods of pain control.
- Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2013
The pain that women experience during labour is affected by multiple physiological and psychosocial factors and its intensity can vary greatly. Most women in labour require pain relief. Pain management strategies include non-pharmacological interventions
- Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2012
Various methods of conscious sedation and analgesia have been used for pain relief during oocyte recovery in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. The choice of agent has also been influenced by the quality
- Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Dec-2012
Perineal pain is a common but poorly studied adverse outcome following childbirth. Pain may result from perineal trauma due to bruising, spontaneous tears, surgical incisions (episiotomies), or in association with operative births (ventouse or forceps ass
- Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2011
Parenteral opioids are used for pain relief in labour in many countries throughout the world.
- Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2013
There are two common techniques for postoperative pain control after intra-abdominal surgery: patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous opioids and continuous epidural analgesia (CEA). It is uncertain which method has better pain control and few
- Pelvimetry for fetal cephalic presentations at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2008
Pelvimetry assesses the size of a woman's pelvis aiming to predict whether she will be able to deliver or not. This can be done by clinical examination, or by conventional x-rays, computerised tomography scanning, or magnetic resonance imaging.
- Peri‐implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2022
The use of peri-implantation glucocorticoids has been advocated to improve embryo implantation during assistive reproductive technology (ART) cycles such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It has been proposed that
- Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jan-2012
Most vaginal births are associated with some form of trauma to the genital tract. The morbidity associated with perineal trauma is significant, especially when it comes to third- and fourth-degree tears. Different perineal techniques and interventions are
- Perioperative antibiotics to prevent infection after first-trimester abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2012
There are two main strategies for the prevention of post-abortal upper genital tract infection: antibiotics given around the time of surgery for all women; and 'screen-and-treat', in which all women presenting for abortion are screened for genital infecti
- Pharmacologic Interventions for Pregnant Women Enrolled in Alcohol Treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-May-2009
Excessive alcohol use during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal effects. It is therefore important to develop and evaluate effective interventions during this important time in a woman's life. To our knowledge there have been
- Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2011
Preterm infants are at risk of periventricular haemorrhage (PVH). Phenobarbital might prevent ischaemic injury or reduce fluctuations in blood pressure and blood flow in the brain.
- Piracetam for fetal distress in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2012
Piracetam is thought to promote the metabolism of brain cells when they are hypoxic. It has been used to prevent adverse effects of fetal distress.
- Placental cord drainage after vaginal delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2011
Cord drainage in the third stage of labour involves unclamping the previously clamped and divided umbilical cord and allowing the blood from the placenta to drain freely into an appropriate receptacle.
- Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2015
Poor outcomes after breech birth might be the result of underlying conditions causing breech presentation or due to factors associated with the delivery.
- Planned caesarean section for women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal mortality, mainly related to prematurity, but complications during birth may contribute to perinatal loss or morbidity. The option of planned caesarean section to avoid such complications must there
