Showing 401-420 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Psychiatric and substance abuse 
- Open general medical wards versus specialist psychiatric units for acute psychoses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
As international healthcare policy has moved away from treating people with severe mental illness in large inpatient psychiatric institutions, beds for people with acute psychiatric disorders are being established in specialised psychiatric units in gener
- Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2010
Alcohol dependence belongs to the globally leading health risk factors. Therapeutic success of psychosocial programs for relapse prevention is moderate and could be increased by an adjuvant treatment with the opioid antagonists naltrexone and nalmefene.
- Opioid antagonists for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-May-2013
The reinforcing properties of nicotine may be mediated through release of various neurotransmitters both centrally and systemically. People who smoke report positive effects such as pleasure, arousal, and relaxation as well as relief of negative affect, t
- Opioid antagonists under heavy sedation or anaesthesia for opioid withdrawal
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Withdrawal (detoxification) is necessary prior to drug-free treatment or as the end point of long-term substitution treatment.
- Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2017
Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of long-term substitution treatment.
- Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2021
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opioid withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss, seizures and neurodevelopmental problems.
- Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH) is a syndrome characterised by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep that are usually terminated by an arousal. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the pri
- Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2016
People with serious mental illness not only experience an erosion of functioning in day-to-day life over a protracted period of time, but evidence also suggests that they have a greater risk of experiencing oral disease and greater oral treatment needs th
- Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2011
Research on clinical application of oral naltrexone agrees on several things. From a pharmacological perspective, naltrexone works. From an applied perspective, the medication compliance and the retention rates are poor.
- Oral paliperidone for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
Paliperidone, an active metabolite of risperidone, is now available in an oral formulation for daily use; an intramuscular formulation for monthly administration is expected to follow shortly. Oral paliperidone is available commercially only in an extende
- Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2011
Injecting drug users are vulnerable to infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other blood borne viruses as a result of collective use of injecting equipment as well as sexual behaviour
- Outcome measures and needs assessment tools for schizophrenia and related disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
There has been a recent trend to encourage routine outcome measurement and needs assessment as an aid to decision making in clinical practice and patient care. Standardised instruments have been developed which measure clinical symptoms of disorders such
- Oxcarbazepine for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Oxcarbazepine, a keto derivative of the ‘mood stabiliser’ carbamazepine, may have efficacy in the treatment of acute episodes of bipolar disorder. Potentially, it may offer pharmacokinetic advantages over carbamazepine.
- Oxcarbazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Some studies have suggested that oxcarbazepine has a role in preventing episode recurrence in bipolar affective disorder. This review attempted to investigate the existing evidence from randomised controlled trials for its use in the maintenance treatment
- Paliperidone palmitate for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Paliperidone palmitate, a long-acting, intramuscular formulation of paliperidone, is now available for clinical use. Paliperidone is an active metabolite of risperidone and it is also available in an oral formulation for daily use.
- Paraprofessionals for anxiety and depressive disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2015
The established mental health care system does not have the resources to meet the extensive need for care of those with anxiety and depressive disorders. Paraprofessionals partially replacing professionals may be cost-effective.
- Parent training interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by high levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven years, seen in a range of situations, inconsistent with th
- Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2018
Research suggests that the number of intellectually disabled people with children is increasing. Intellectual disabilities do not inevitably cause parenting difficulties, but it may impact on an individual's capacity to parent a child effectively. Childre
- Passiflora for anxiety disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Anxiety is a very common mental health problem in the general population and in the primary care setting. Herbal medicines are popularly used worldwide and could be an option for treating anxiety if shown to be effective and safe. Passiflora (passionflowe
- Patient support and education for promoting adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Adherence to prescribed regimens is required to derive maximal benefit from many highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens in people living with HIV/AIDS.
