Showing 401-420 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2017
Previous randomised trials and meta-analyses have shown that nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is a useful method for providing respiratory support after extubation. However, this treatment sometimes 'fails' in infants, and they may requir
- Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Apr-2016
The use of nasal irrigation for the treatment of nose and sinus complaints has its foundations in yogic and homeopathic traditions. There has been increasing use of saline irrigation, douches, sprays and rinsing as an adjunct to the medical management of
- Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-1999
Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in newborn intensive care units. The choice of the oral or nasal route for intubation is usually determined by an institution's customary practice. The procedure of intubation for both the oral and nasal route
- Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Enteral feeding tubes for preterm or low birth weight infants may be placed via either the nose or mouth. Nasal placement may compromise respiration. However, orally placed tubes may be more prone to displacement, local irritation, and vagal stimulation.
- Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Sep-2018
Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review.
- Nebulised morphine for severe interstitial lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
The evidence to support the use of nebulized morphine to improve dyspnoea and exercise limitation in terminally ill patients with chronic lung disease is conflicting.
- Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2013
Croup is a common childhood illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness and respiratory distress. Children with severe croup are at risk for intubation. Nebulized epinephrine may prevent intubation.
- Nedocromil sodium for chronic asthma in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Currently inhaled corticosteroids are the main stay in the maintenance treatment of chronic asthma in children. Although inhaled corticosteroids play a crucial role in the management of childhood asthma, the long-term side effects of inhaled corticosteroi
- Nedocromil sodium for preventing exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) following strenuous physical exertion afflicts many people. It can be the cause of sub-optimal performance, symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, wheeze and chest tightness, and can lead people to avoid physical activ
- Nedocromil sodium versus sodium cromoglycate for preventing exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2000
Nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate inhaled shortly before exercise appear to reduce the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. There is some debate over which drug may be more effective.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
During epidemics, influenza attack rates in children may exceed 40%. Options for prevention and treatment currently include the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir. Laninamivir octanoate, the prodrug of laninamivir, is currently being devel
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2016
Cystic fibrosis is the most common, life-threatening, recessively inherited disease of Caucasian populations. It is a multisystem disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein which is i
- Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Ventilated newborn infants breathing in asynchrony with the ventilator are potentially exposed to more severe barotrauma and are at risk for complications such as pneumothorax or intraventricular haemorrhage. Neuromuscular paralysis, which eliminates the
- Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Does newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival?
- Nicotine vaccines for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
By reducing the amount of nicotine that reaches the brain when a person smokes a cigarette, nicotine vaccines may help people to stop smoking or to prevent recent quitters from relapsing.
- Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) has multiple effects that may be beneficial in acute stroke, including lowering blood pressure, and promoting reperfusion and cytoprotection. Some forms of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) may also be beneficial. However, high co
- Nitric oxide donors for treating preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2014
A number of tocolytics have been advocated for the treatment of threatened preterm labour in order to delay birth. The rationale is that a delay in birth may be associated with improved neonatal morbidity or mortality. Nitric oxide donors, such as nitrogl
- Nitric oxide for preventing pre‐eclampsia and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide mediates many functions of the endothelium, including vasodilatation and inhibition
- Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
- Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2014
Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is a common complication of many neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Long-term nocturnal mechanical ventilation is commonly used to treat it. This is a 2014 update of a review first published in 2000 and previously upd
