Showing 401-420 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Antenatal phenobarbital for reducing neonatal jaundice after red cell isoimmunization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Neonates from isoimmunized pregnancies have increased morbidity from neonatal jaundice. The increased bilirubin from haemolysis often needs phototherapy, exchange transfusion or both after birth. Various trials in pregnant women who were not isoimmunized
- Antenatal psychosocial assessment for reducing perinatal mental health morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Mental health conditions arising in the perinatal period, including depression, have the potential to impact negatively on not only the woman but also her partner, infant, and family. The capacity for routine, universal antenatal psychosocial assessment,
- Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2017
Anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) is an operation traditionally used for moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. About a third of adult women experience urinary incontinence. SUI imposes significant health and economic
- Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2020
Ascaris lumbricoides is a common infection, and mainly affects children living in low-income areas. Water and sanitation improvement, health education, and drug treatment may help break the cycle of transmission, and effective drugs will reduce morbidity.
- Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2021
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm and is a common cause of seizures and epilepsy in endemic areas. Anthelmintics (albendazole or praziquantel) may be given alongside supporti
- Anthracycline-containing regimens for treatment of follicular lymphoma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2013
Anthracycline-containing regimens (ACR) are the most prevalent regimens in the management of patients with advanced follicular lymphoma (FL). However, there is no proof that they are superior to non-anthracycline-containing regimens (non-ACR).
- Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2017
Observational evidence suggests a potential benefit with several anti-adhesion therapies in women undergoing operative hysteroscopy (e.g. insertion of an intrauterine device or balloon, hormonal treatment, barrier gels or human amniotic membrane grafting)
- Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2019
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low- and middle-income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of comp
- Antiandrogen or estradiol treatment or both during hormone therapy in transitioning transgender women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2020
Gender dysphoria is described as a mismatch between an individual's experienced or expressed gender and their assigned gender, based on primary or secondary sexual characteristics. Gender dysphoria can be associated with clinically significant psychologic
- Anti‐angiogenic therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed to block tumour angiogenesis and target vascular endothelial cells. While some of them have already been approved by the health authorities and are successfully integrated into patient care, many others are stil
- Anti‐angiogenic therapy for high‐grade glioma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2018
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in September 2014. The most common primary brain tumours in adults are gliomas. Gliomas span a spectrum from low to high grade and are graded pathologically on a scale of one to four acc
- Antiangiogenic therapy with interferon alfa for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2010
Antiangiogenic therapy is a new approach to the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Interferon alfa is one antiangiogenic agent thought to function by inhibiting the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. It has
- Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2019
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation often recurs after restoration of normal sinus rhythm. Antiarrhythmic drugs have been widely used to prevent recurrence. This is an update of a review previously published
- Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2013
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the fermentation of food sugars by bacteria from the biofilm (dental plaque) leads to localised demineralisation of tooth surfaces, which may ultimately result in cavity formation. Resin composites are wi
- Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2020
Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. This leads to lung destruction and eventually death through respiratory failure. There are no
- Antibiotic and other lock treatments for tunnelled central venous catheter-related infections in children with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2013
The risk of developing a tunnelled central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection ranges between 0.1 and 2.3 per 1000 catheter days for children with cancer. These infections are difficult to treat with systemic antibiotics (salvage rate 24% - 66%) due t
- Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated, symptomatic lower urinary tract infections in elderly women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2008
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in elderly patients. Authors of non systematic literature reviews often recommend longer treatment durations (7 to 14 days) for older women, but the evidence for such recommendations is unclear.
- Antibiotic lock for the prevention of catheter-related infection in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jun-2015
Use of a central venous catheter (CVC) in neonates is associated with an increase in nosocomial infection. Numerous strategies exist to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI); however, CRBSI continues to be a major problem. Antibiotic lock
- Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2015
Several studies have suggested that prophylactic antibiotics given during pregnancy improved maternal and perinatal outcomes, while others have shown no benefit and some have reported adverse effects.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who are neutropenic following chemotherapy for malignancy. Trials have shown the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of bacterial infections but not in
