Showing 401-420 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2015
Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in 2% to 10% of pregnancies and, if not treated, up to 30% of mothers will develop acute pyelonephritis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria has been associated with low birthweight and preterm birth.
- Antibiotics for brain abscesses in people with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2013
Brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection that begins as a localized area of brain infection and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. People with cyanotic congenital heart disease are at risk of developing b
- Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2014
Bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. It is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications
- Antibiotics for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Aug-2012
In primary care settings, the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis is generally based on clinical signs and symptoms. Technical investigations are not routinely performed, nor recommended. Individual trials show a trend in favour of antibiotics, but the balance of
- Antibiotics for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2015
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is widely recognised as an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. Pulmonary manifestations are typically tracheobronchitis or pneumonia but M. pneumoniae is also i
- Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in adult outpatients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2014
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the first leading cause of death in low-income countries. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common condition that causes a significant disease burden for the
- Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2013
Pneumonia caused by bacterial pathogens is the leading cause of mortality in children in low-income countries. Early administration of antibiotics improves outcomes.
- Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2012
Many patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with antibiotics. However, the value of antibiotics remains uncertain as systematic reviews and clinical trials have shown conflicting results.
- Antibiotics for gonorrhoea in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2014
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted from the mother's genital tract to the newborn during birth and can cause gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum as well as systemic neonatal infection. It can also cause endometritis and pelvic sepsis in the mother.
- Antibiotics for incomplete abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Unsafe abortions result not only in costs for acute care but may also be responsible for longer-term complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, damage to reproductive organs, and secondary infertility. If effective, antibiotic prophylaxis at the t
- Antibiotics for infection prevention after excision of the cervical transformation zone
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2017
Excision of the transformation zone of the cervix is the most commonly used approach to treat cervical precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. As the excision of the transformation
- Antibiotics for leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2012
Leptospirosis has a wide-ranging clinical and public health impact. Leptospira are globally distributed. Case attack rates are as high as 1:4 to 2:5 persons in exposed populations. In some settings mortality has exceeded 10% of infected people. The benefi
- Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2012
Mastitis can be caused by ineffective positioning of the baby at the breast or restricted feeding. Infective mastitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of mastitis in breastfeeding women may reach 33%. Effective milk removal, pai
- Antibiotics for meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2014
Chorioamnionitis is more likely to occur when meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present. Meconium may enhance the growth of bacteria in amniotic fluid by serving as a growth factor, inhibiting bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid. Many adve
- Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2012
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterised by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane, without the symptoms or signs of acute infection. In approximately one in three children with OME, however, a bacterial pat
- Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2014
Bronchiolitis is a common acute respiratory infectious condition, with a high prevalence worldwide. It is a clinically diagnosed syndrome, manifested by tachypnoea (rapid breathing), with crackles or wheeze in young children. In the acute phase of bronchi
- Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2007
Nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) is extremely common in children. It is the result of inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and is usually due to either infection or allergy. Infections may be caused by bacteria.
- Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2014
Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) at or near term (defined in this review as 36 weeks' gestation or beyond) increases the risk of infection for the woman and her baby. The routine use of antibiotics for women at the time of term PROM may reduce th
- Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2013
Premature birth carries substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. Subclinical infection is associated with preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). Prophylactic maternal antibiotic therapy might lessen infectious morbidity and delay labour, but could supp
- Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Measles is the leading killer among vaccine-preventable diseases; it is responsible for an estimated 44% of the 1.7 million vaccine-preventable deaths among children annually.
