Showing 4301-4320 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Nitrous Oxide for Colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for large bowel disease. With the increase in demand, pressure is on clinics to shorten lengths of time per procedure in addition to maintaining high levels of patient safety. Analgesia has always been the ma
- Nitrous oxide-based techniques versus nitrous oxide-free techniques for general anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2015
Nitrous oxide has been used for over 160 years for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. It has been used as a sole agent but is most often employed as part of a technique using other anaesthetic gases, intravenous agents, or both. Its low
- Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2014
Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is a common complication of many neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Long-term nocturnal mechanical ventilation is commonly used to treat it. This is a 2014 update of a review first published in 2000 and previously upd
- Non pharmacological interventions for spasticity in multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2013
Spasticity is commonly experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and it contributes to overall disability in this population. A wide range of non pharmacological interventions are used in isolation or with pharmacological agents to treat spastic
- Non surgical interventions for late radiation proctitis in patients who have received radical radiotherapy to the pelvis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2009
Chronic radiation proctitis (rectal inflammation) may develop after the completion of pelvic radiotherapy. Presently there is no recommended standard management.
- Non surgical therapy for anal fissure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2012
Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occur
- Nonabsorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Nonabsorbable disaccharides (lactulose or lactitol) are considered the treatment of choice for hepatic encephalopathy.
- Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
Trigeminal neuralgia was defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as a sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. Standard treatment is w
- Non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common rheumatic disease. Simple analgesics are now accepted as the appropriate first line pharmacological treatment of uncomplicated OA. Non-aspirin NSAIDs are licensed for the relief of pain and inflammation arising from r
- Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Oct-2022
Non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis (NIIPPU) represent a heterogenous collection of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders isolated to or concentrated in the posterior structures of the eye. Because NIIPPU is typically a chronic conditio
- Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2011
Caesarean section rates are steadily increasing globally. The factors contributing to these observed increases are complex. Non-clinical interventions, those applied independent of patient care in a clinical encounter, may have a role in reducing unnecess
- Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2013
About 80% to 90% of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have relapses. Of these children, around half relapse frequently, and are at risk of adverse effects from corticosteroids. Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications are u
- Non-drug therapies for lower limb muscle cramps
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2011
About one in every three adults are affected by lower limb muscle cramps. For some people, these cramps reduce quality of life, quality of sleep and participation in activities of daily living. Many interventions are available for lower limb cramps, but s
- Non-hormonal interventions for hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2010
Hot flushes are common in women with a history of breast cancer. Hormonal therapies are known to reduce these symptoms but are not recommended in women with a history of breast cancer due to their potential adverse effects. The efficacy of non-hormonal th
- Non-immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease with approximately 30% to 40% of patients progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within 20 years. The most common regimens include immunosuppressive agents, however the risks of
- Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2014
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in 2010, Issue 9. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques aim to induce an electrical stimulation of the brain in an attempt to reduce chronic pain by directly altering brain activity.
- Non-invasive interventions for improving well-being and quality of life in patients with lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 4, 2004 of The Cochrane Library. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Despite advances in treatment, the outlook for the majority of patients remains grim and most
- Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2014
Non-invasive physical treatments are often used to treat common types of chronic/recurrent headache.
- Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2021
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with several chronic diseases, including erectile dysfunction (ED). The association of OSAS and ED is far more common than might be found by chance; the treatment of OSAS with non-invasive positive ai
- Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2013
This is an update of a systematic review previously published in 2008 about non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). NPPV has been widely used to alleviate signs and symptoms of respiratory distress due to cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. NPPV prev
