Showing 421-440 of 753 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2012
Neonatal meningitis may be caused by bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria, which are difficult to eradicate from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using safe doses of antibiotics. In theory, intraventricular administration of antibiotics would produce
- Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2008
Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still one of the most serious complications of premature birth. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery cannot be carried out early and permanent dependence on a shunt is associated with several seri
- Intravesical treatments for painful bladder syndrome/ interstitial cystitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (PBS/IC) occurs predominantly in women. It is a poorly-understood condition with symptoms of bladder pain, urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia. Treatments for PBS/IC include dietary/lifestyle intervention
- Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2008
Macular edema is secondary to leakage from diseased retinal capillaries and is an important cause of poor central visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
- Ipratropium bromide versus long-acting beta-2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2008
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition associated with high morbidity, mortality and cost to the community. Patients often report symptomatic improvement with long acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) and anticholinergic bronchodilator medi
- Ipratropium bromide versus short acting beta-2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-2009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition associated with high morbidity, mortality and cost to the community. Patients often report symptomatic improvement with short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and anticholinergic bronchodilator medi
- Ketotifen alone or as additional medication for long-term control of asthma and wheeze in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2010
Ketotifen is an antihistamine which may be used to treat asthma. Since administering inhaled therapy to younger children can be difficult, an oral agent such as ketotifen offers potential advantages.
- Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2009
Apnea of prematurity may lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia requiring resuscitative measures being instituted. Many treatments have been used in infants with apnea of prematurity including methylxanthines. Physical stimulation is often used to restart brea
- Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2013
This is an update of the original Cochrane review entitled Lamotrigine for acute and chronic pain published in Issue 2, 2007, and updated in Issue 2, 2011. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve d
- Lamotrigine for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-2008
Treating the 20-30% of people with schizophrenia whose symptoms are resistant to treatment can be problematic. Adding lamotrigine to ongoing antipsychotic treatment has shown to be of benefit in preliminary studies.
- Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2021
Many infants born preterm develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), with lung inflammation playing a role. Corticosteroids have powerful anti-inflammatory effects and have been used to treat individuals with established BPD. However, it is unclear whether
- Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2015
This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care. Previous versions were published in 2006 and 2010 where we also evaluated trials of met
- Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Symptomatic hemorrhoids are a common medical condition, which increase in prevalence in women during pregnancy and postpartum. Although the evidence appears to be inconclusive, narrative reviews and clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of laxati
- Leukotriene receptor antagonist for prolonged non-specific cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2010
Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology. It is commonly seen in paediatric practice. These children are treated with a variety of therapies including a variety of asthma m
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2011
Leukotriene receptor antagonists are a new class of drug that were initially identified for use in asthma. As they have an effect on neutrophil mediated inflammation, they may be of benefit in bronchiectasis.
- Lithium for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Oct-2015
Many people with schizophrenia do not achieve a satisfactory treatment response with ordinary anti-psychotic drug treatment. In these cases, various add-on medications are used, among them lithium.
- Lithium versus antidepressants in the long-term treatment of unipolar affective disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
The main rationale for the use of lithium in the long-term treatment of unipolar affective disorder is its efficacy in treating bipolar affective disorder and resistant depression. However, there is considerable uncertainty about which pharmacological int
- Long-acting beta2-agonists as an inhaled corticosteroid-sparing agent for chronic asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
The addition of a long acting beta agonist (LABA) to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy can improve asthma symptoms and reduce exacerbations. The addition of LABA may also have an ICS-sparing effect and permit a reduction in ICS maintenance dose.
- Long-acting beta2-agonists for chronic asthma in adults and children where background therapy contains varied or no inhaled corticosteroid
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2014
Asthma is a common respiratory disease among both adults and children and short acting inhaled beta-2 agonists are used widely for 'reliever' bronchodilator therapy. Long acting beta-2 agonists (LABA) were introduced as prospective 'symptom controllers' i
- Long-acting beta2-agonists for poorly reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2012
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by partially reversible airflow limitation. Many patients have little reversibility to short acting bronchodilators, but long acting bronchodilators are frequently advocated.
