Showing 421-440 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Setting and organization of care for persons living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Treating the world's 40.3 million persons currently infected with HIV/AIDS is an international responsibility that involves unprecedented organizational challenges. Key issues include whether care should be concentrated or decentralized, what type and mix
- Short versus standard duration oral antibiotic therapy for acute urinary tract infection in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2010
The optimal duration of oral antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children has not been determined. A number of studies have compared single dose therapy to standard therapy for UTI, with mixed results. A course of antibiotics longer th
- Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2011
Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age. Treatment of pneumonia requires an effective antibiotic used in adequate doses for an appropriate duration. Recommended duration of treatment ranges between 7 and 14 days, bu
- Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jul-2015
Pneumonia is the most common hospital-acquired infection affecting patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, current national guidelines for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are several years old and the diagnosis of pneumonia
- Single versus combination intravenous antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2014
Choice of antibiotic, and the use of single or combined therapy are controversial areas in the treatment of respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). Advantages of combination therapy include wider range of modes of action, possible synergy and reduc
- Slum upgrading strategies involving physical environment and infrastructure interventions and their effects on health and socio-economic outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Slums are densely populated, neglected parts of cities where housing and living conditions are exceptionally poor. In situ slum upgrading, at its basic level, involves improving the physical environment of the existing area, such as improving and installi
- Social marketing interventions to increase HIV/STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2013
Social marketing interventions have been shown to both promote and change many health-related behaviours and issues. As the HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately affect MSM and transgender women around the world, social marketing interventions have
- Sperm washing to prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected men but allowing conception in sero-discordant couples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Sperm washing is a term used to describe the process in which individual spermatozoa are separated from the seminal fluid. Sperm washing is used to prevent HIV transmission but allow conception in sero-discordant couples, where the male is HIV positive, b
- Stavudine or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) as treatment for HIV infection has greatly improved mortality and morbidity for adults and children living with HIV around the world. Two common medications given in first-line antiretroviral
- Stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine combination therapy for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2011
A favourable regimen for people infected with HIV/AIDS is one that provides optimal efficacy, durability of antiretroviral activity, tolerability, and has low adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. The combination of the non-nucleoside reverse transc
- Steroids for improving recovery following tonsillectomy in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2011
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 1, 2003.
- Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2015
Infectious mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever or the kissing disease, is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder. It is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous herpes virus that is found in all human societies and cu
- Steroids for treating cerebral malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Cerebral malaria is associated with swelling of the brain. Corticosteroid drugs could reduce the harmful effects of this swelling, but they could also suppress host immunity to infection.
- Strategies for partner notification for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2013
Partner notification (PN) is the process whereby sexual partners of an index patient are informed of their exposure to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the need to obtain treatment. For the person (index patient) with a curable STI, PN aims to e
- Structured treatment interruptions (STI) in chronic suppressed HIV infection in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Although antiretroviral treatment (ART) has led to a decline in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients in developed countries, it has also presented challenges. These challenges include increases in pill burden; adherence to treatment; developme
- Structured treatment interruptions (STI) in chronic unsuppressed HIV infection in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Structured treatment interruptions (STI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been investigated as part of novel treatment strategies, with different aims and objectives depending on the populations involved. These populations include: 1) patients who ini
- Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Artemisinin-based combination treatments are strongly advocated, but supplies are limited. Sulfadoxine combined with amodiaquine is an alternative non-artemisinin combination.
- Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jan-2012
Pulmonary surfactant is an important part of the host defence against respiratory infections. Bacterial pneumonia in late preterm or term newborn infants often leads to surfactant deficiency or dysfunction, as surfactant is either inactivated or peroxidat
- Surgical versus non-surgical management of pleural empyema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Pleural empyema is a collection of pus between the lungs and the chest wall. There is debate about treatment options with the advent of both fibrinolytic enzymes to facilitate tube drainage and less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).
- Systemic administration of local anesthetic agents to relieve neuropathic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2014
Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, and flecainide are local anesthetics which give an analgesic effect when administered orally or parenterally. Early reports described the use of intravenous lidocaine or procaine to relieve cancer and postoperative pain.
