Showing 421-440 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks' gestation for improving pregnancy outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2017
Current management of preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) involves either initiating birth soon after PPROM or, alternatively, adopting a 'wait and see' approach (expectant management). It is unclear which strategy is most beneficial for mo
- Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2013
When a woman has had a previous caesarean birth, there are two options for her care in a subsequent pregnancy: planned elective repeat caesarean or planned vaginal birth. While there are risks and benefits for both planned elective repeat caesarean birth
- Planned home versus hospital care for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) prior to 37 weeks' gestation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2014
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with PPROM have been predominantly managed in hospital. It is possible that selected women could be managed at home af
- Planned hospital birth versus planned home birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2013
Observational studies of increasingly better quality and in different settings suggest that planned home birth in many places can be as safe as planned hospital birth and with less intervention and fewer complications. This is an update of a Cochrane revi
- Plasma volume expansion for suspected impaired fetal growth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-1996
Failure of the normal expansion of plasma volume in the mother is associated with impaired fetal growth and pre-eclampsia.
- Plasma volume expansion for treatment of pre‐eclampsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-1999
Plasma volume is reduced amongst women with pre-eclampsia. This association has led to the suggestion that expanding the plasma volume might improve maternal and uteroplacental circulation, and so potentially improve outcome for both the woman and her bab
- Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2017
For centuries, there has been controversy around whether being upright (sitting, birthing stools, chairs, squatting, kneeling) or lying down (lateral (Sim's) position, semi-recumbent, lithotomy position, Trendelenburg's position) have advantages for women
- Post‐embryo transfer interventions for assisted reproduction technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2014
In women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryos transferred into the uterine cavity can be expelled due to many factors including uterine peristalsis and contractions, low site of deposition and negati
- Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Extremely premature infants are at risk of transient hypothyroxinaemia in the first weeks after birth. These low thyroid hormone levels are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity, mortality and longer term developmental impairments.
- Postoperative procedures for improving fertility following pelvic reproductive surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Hydrotubation with oil-soluble contrast media for unexplained infertility and adhesiolysis for infertility due to peritubal adhesions are primary procedures that are of recognised benefit. It is less clear whether postoperative procedures such as hydrotub
- Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2017
Infants born to mothers with pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality and significant morbidity in the short and long term. Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes are at greater ri
- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2020
In in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), selection of the most competent embryo(s) for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women do not achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' em
- Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2015
Preterm birth is a major complication of pregnancy associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm labour has been advocated.
- Prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Postpartum blood pressure (BP) is highest three to six days after birth when most women have been discharged home. A significant rise in BP may be dangerous (e.g., can lead to stroke), but there is little information about how to prevent or treat postpart
- Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
A range of treatments have been proposed to improve pregnancy outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss associated with antiphospholipid antibody (APL). Small studies have not resolved uncertainty about benefits and risks.
- Probiotics for preventing preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2011
Preterm birth causes 60% to 80% of neonatal deaths. Survivors can experience life-long complications. Thirty to fifty per cent of preterm labours are associated with maternal infection. Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms which, when administer
- Progestational agents for treating threatened or established preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jan-2014
Prematurity is not only the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality but is associated with long-term impairment. Studies of various tocolytic agents have shown mixed results with little effect in improving pregnancy duration and insufficient da
- Progesterone for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-2011
In the past, progesterone has been advocated for prevention of pre-eclampsia. Although progestogens were never widely used for this purpose in clinical practice, new hypothesis have emerged which suggest progesterone may have a role in promoting immunolog
- Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2016
Progestin-only contraceptives (POCs) are appropriate for many women who cannot or should not take estrogen. POCs include injectables, intrauterine contraception, implants, and oral contraceptives. Many POCs are long-acting, cost-effective methods of preve
- Progestin-only pills for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2013
The introduction of a new progestin-only oral contraceptive in Europe has renewed interest in this class of oral contraceptives. Unlike the more widely used combined oral contraceptives containing an estrogen plus progestin, these pills contain only a pro
