Showing 421-440 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2008
Bites by mammals are a common problem and they account for up to 1% of all visits to hospital emergency rooms. Dog and cat bites are the most common and people are usually bitten by their own pets or by an animal known to them. School-age children make up
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2020
Vacuum and forceps assisted vaginal deliveries are reported to increase the incidence of postpartum infections and maternal readmission to hospital compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery. Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent these infec
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2010
The use of prophylactic antibiotics before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is recommended by all major international gastroenterological societies, especially in the presence of an obstructed biliary system. Their use is intended to
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
Cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure. In the open cholecystectomy area, antibiotic prophylaxis showed beneficial effects, but it is not known if its benefits and harms are similar in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Some clinical trials suggest tha
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-May-2013
Infection of burn wounds is a serious problem because it can delay healing, increase scarring and invasive infection may result in the death of the patient. Antibiotic prophylaxis is one of several interventions that may prevent burn wound infection and p
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infectious complications in orthognathic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2014
Orthognathic surgery (OS) is a term that refers to many elective surgical techniques to correct facial deformity; the associated malocclusion and functional disorders related to the stomatognathic system. Whilst such surgery is classed as "clean-contamina
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Apr-2015
Basilar skull fractures predispose patients to meningitis because of the possible direct contact of bacteria in the paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx or middle ear with the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage has been associated w
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing post solid organ transplant tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2014
Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infection as a result of immunosuppression caused inadvertently by medical treatment. Tuberculosis (TB) is a challenging infection to manage among organ transplant recipients that can be transmitted fro
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernia repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2020
Inguinal or femoral hernia is a tissue protrusion in the groin region and has a cumulative incidence of 27% in adult men and of 3% in adult women. As most hernias become symptomatic over time, groin hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed su
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for short‐term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2013
Urinary tract infections account for about 40% of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, and about 80% of urinary tract infections acquired in hospital are associated with urinary catheters.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro‐intestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is frequent among cirrhotic patients, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Selective intestinal decontamination employing antibiotics is a proposed prophylactic measure. While data regarding this modality
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Surgical site infection and other hospital-acquired infections cause significant morbidity after internal fixation of fractures. The administration of antibiotics may reduce the frequency of infections.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Systemic antibiotics and antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems are often used to prevent shunt infection.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical site infection in people undergoing liver transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2015
Surgical site infection is more frequent in liver transplantation than in other types of solid organ transplantation with different antibiotics. Studies have shown that the rate of surgical site infection varies from 8.8% to 37.5% after liver transplantat
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related complications in surgical patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2013
Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection after surgery is generally low, but affects up to 33% of patients after certain types of surgery. Postoperative MRSA infection can occur as surgical site infections (SSIs), chest infecti
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tear during vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2014
One to eight per cent of women suffer third-degree perineal tear (anal sphincter injury) and fourth-degree perineal tear (rectal mucosa injury) during vaginal birth, and these tears are more common after forceps delivery (28%) and midline episiotomies. Th
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Feb-2011
Transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) is a well established procedure used to obtain tissue for the histological diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate. Despite the fact that TRPB is generally considered a safe procedure, it may be accompanied by traumatic a
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 and previously updated in 2007.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis regimens and drugs for cesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2011
Prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section have been shown to reduce the incidence of maternal postoperative infectious morbidity. Many different antibiotic regimens have been reported to be effective.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2020
Approximately 2.5% of all hospitalisations in people with liver cirrhosis are for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is associated with significant short-term mortality; therefore, it is important to prevent spontaneous b
