Showing 4521-4540 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Later school start times for supporting the education, health, and well‐being of high school students
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2017
A number of school systems worldwide have proposed and implemented later school start times as a means of avoiding the potentially negative impacts that early morning schedules can have on adolescent students. Even mild sleep deprivation has been associat
- Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in people living with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2019
The lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay Alere Determine™ TB LAM Ag is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help detect active tuberculosis in HIV-positive people with severe HIV disease. This review update asks the questio
- Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2019
A parastomal hernia is defined as an incisional hernia related to a stoma, and belongs to the most common stoma-related complications. Many factors, which are considered to influence the incidence of parastomal herniation, have been investigated. However,
- Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2016
Critically ill patients require regular body position changes to minimize the adverse effects of bed rest, inactivity and immobilization. However, uncertainty surrounds the effectiveness of lateral positioning for improving pulmonary gas exchange, aiding
- Lateral tilt for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2010
When pregnant women near term lie in the supine position the uterus can compress the inferior vena cava, interfering with venous return to the heart. This can result in hypotension, reduced placental perfusion and decreased fetal oxygenation.
- Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
Current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provide modest symptomatic relief but do not slow the progression of the disease. Latrepirdine may modulate several targets involved in AD pathology, including lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial permeability,
- Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care. Previous versions were published in 2006 and 2010 where we also evaluated trials of met
- Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Symptomatic hemorrhoids are a common medical condition, which increase in prevalence in women during pregnancy and postpartum. Although the evidence appears to be inconclusive, narrative reviews and clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of laxati
- Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Lay health workers (LHWs) are widely used to provide care for a broad range of health issues. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of LHW interventions.
- Lay‐led and peer support interventions for adolescents with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2017
Adolescents with asthma are at high risk of poor adherence with treatment. This may be compounded by activities that worsen asthma, in particular smoking. Additional support above and beyond routine care has the potential to encourage good self-management
- L‐carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2017
Safe interventions to enhance cognitive function in cognitively healthy people would be very valuable for several reasons, including a better quality of life and professional success. While L-carnitine has been reported to enhance cognitive function in so
- Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Alzheimer's disease sufferers have been found to lack the enzyme responsible for converting choline into acetylcholine within the brain. Lecithin is a major dietary source of choline, so extra consumption may reduce the progression of dementia.
- Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease. Leflunomide is one of the more recent oral agents, classified as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It has a different mechanism of action than other existing DMARDs.
- Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2016
Smoking bans have been implemented in a variety of settings, as well as being part of policy in many jurisdictions to protect the public and employees from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke (SHS). They also offer the potential to influence social no
- Length of hospitalisation for people with severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2014
In high-income countries, over the last three decades, the length of hospital stays for people with serious mental illness has reduced drastically although considerable variation remains. In lower-income countries this variation may be greater. Some argue
- Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2021
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is characterized by a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) secondary to aqueous outflow obstruction, with relative pupillary block being the most common underlying mechanism. There is increasing evidence that lens extra
- Leukodepletion for patients undergoing heart valve surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2013
There is some evidence for the benefits of leukodepletion in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Its effectiveness in higher risk patients, such as those undergoing heart valve surgery, particularly in terms of overall clinical outcomes, is curre
- Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Dec-2015
A blood transfusion is an acute intervention, implemented to solve life and health-threatening conditions on a short-term basis. However, blood transfusions have adverse events, some of them potentially related to immune modulation or to a direct transmis
- Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2015
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory illness of the bronchioles common among infants and young children. It is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Management of bronchiolitis varies between clinicians, reflecting the lack of evidence
- Leukotriene receptor antagonist for prolonged non-specific cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2010
Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology. It is commonly seen in paediatric practice. These children are treated with a variety of therapies including a variety of asthma m
