Showing 441-460 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2016
Tinea capitis is a common contagious fungal infection of the scalp in children. Systemic therapy is required for treatment and to prevent spread. This is an update of the original Cochrane review.
- Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2010
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) as treatment for HIV infection has greatly improved mortality and morbidity for adults and children living with HIV around the world. Two of the most common medications given in first-line ART
- The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2013
The use of cannabis (marijuana) or of its psychoactive ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as a medicine has been highly contested in many settings.There have been claims that smoked or ingested cannabis, either in its natural form or artificial
- Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals for people with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2009
Despite the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the improvement in prognosis of those living with HIV/AIDS, a large proportion of individuals on ART does not achieve or maintain adequate virological suppression. Several tools have be
- Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2013
Antibiotic therapy for suspected acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) needs to be started immediately, even before the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and antibiotic sensitivity are available. Immediate commencement of effective treatment using t
- Three- or four- versus two-drug antiretroviral maintenance regimens for HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Combination antiretroviral therapy administered to HIV-infected individuals has been shown to decrease viral replication, improve immunologic function and delay the progression of HIV infection. However, because patient adherence to complicated combinatio
- TIPS versus paracentesis for cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Refractory ascites (ie, ascites that cannot be mobilized despite sodium restriction and diuretic treatment) occurs in 10 per cent of patients with cirrhosis. It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality with a one-year survival rate of less t
- Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2014
Surgical removal of the tonsils, with or without adenoidectomy (adeno-/tonsillectomy), is a common ENT operation, but the indications for surgery are controversial. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 3,
- Topical agents and dressings for fungating wounds
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2014
Fungating wounds arise from primary, secondary or recurrent malignant disease and are associated with advanced cancer. A small proportion of patients may achieve healing following surgical excision, but treatment is usually palliative. Fungating wound man
- Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2021
Patients treated with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) have a high risk of developing respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been estimated to affect 5% to 40% of patients treated with mechanica
- Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2021
Breakdown of the developmentally immature epidermal barrier may permit entry for micro-organisms leading to invasive infection in preterm infants. Topical emollients may improve skin integrity and barrier function and thereby prevent invasive infection, a
- Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2021
This is a updated version of our Cochrane Review published in Issue 6, 2012. Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) continue to rise worldwide, imposing an enormous morbidity and mortality burden. Effective prevention strategies, including microbicides, a
- Topical treatments for cutaneous warts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Viral warts are a common skin condition, which can range in severity from a minor nuisance that resolve spontaneously to a troublesome, chronic condition. Many different topical treatments are available.
- Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Fungal infections of the feet normally occur in the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). The skin between the toes is a frequent site of infection which can cause pain and itchiness. Fungal infections of the nail (onychomycosis) can affect the entire
- Topical treatments for HIV-related oral ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2011
In HIV-infected adults, oral ulcers occur more frequently, last longer and produce more painful symptoms than in immunocompetent people. Oral aphthous ulcers observed during the course of HIV infection may be severe and can result in significant morbidity
- Tramadol for neuropathic pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2017
This review is an update of a review of tramadol for neuropathic pain, published in 2006; updating was to bring the review in line with current standards. Neuropathic pain, which is caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system, may be
- Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2019
Pouchitis occurs in approximately 50% of patients following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis (UC).
- Treatment for anemia in people with AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Anemia is common in persons with HIV infection and is associated with poor prognosis. There is a need to assess the effects of anemia treatments, and to determine whether these interventions are beneficial.
- Treatment for postpolio syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2015
Postpolio syndrome (PPS) may affect survivors of paralytic poliomyelitis and is characterised by a complex of neuromuscular symptoms leading to a decline in physical functioning. The effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation management
- Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). It is known that treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI), also referred to as TB preventive therapy or chemoprophylaxis, helps t
