Showing 441-460 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Oral anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen causing lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy is vital. Antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations are usually given intravenously, and for long-term tr
- Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2016
Apnoea is a breathing disorder marked by the absence of airflow at the nose or mouth. In children, risk factors include adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, neuromuscular disorders and craniofacial anomalies. The most common treatment for obstructive slee
- Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH) is a syndrome characterised by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep that are usually terminated by an arousal. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the pri
- Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-May-2017
Poor nutrition occurs frequently in people with cystic fibrosis and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Oral calorie supplements are used to increase total daily calorie intake and improve weight gain. However, they are expensive and there are conc
- Oral corticosteroids for bronchiectasis (stable and acute exacerbations)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. Two small studies have shown small benefits from inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids may be of benefit in bronchiectasis
- Oral corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic lung disorder, usually related to cigarette smoking, representing a major and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined "as a disease state characterized by airflow limitati
- Oral methylxanthines for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Bronchiectasis is characterised by chronic sputum production, bronchial wall dilation, recurrent infection and airflow limitation. Methylxanthines are used in the management of airflow limitation associated with asthma and COPD, where they are also purpor
- Oral non steroid anti-inflammatories for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2009
Bronchiectasis is increasing recognised as a co-morbidity in many respiratory illness. Anti inflammatory drugs may reduce the inflammatory cascade and thus reduce symptoms and slow long term pulmonary decline.
- Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2019
Progressive lung damage causes most deaths in cystic fibrosis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) may prevent progressive pulmonary deterioration and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published review.
- Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-May-2015
Poor growth and nutritional status are common in children with chronic diseases. Oral protein calorie supplements are used to improve nutritional status in these children. These expensive products may be associated with some adverse effects, e.g. the deve
- Oral steroids for long‐term use in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2015
In cystic fibrosis (CF) airway obstruction and recurrent respiratory infection lead to inflammation, long-term lung damage, respiratory failure and death. Anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. oral corticosteroids are used since inflammation occurs early in dise
- Oral steroids for nasal polyps
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Apr-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 1, 2007.
- Oral theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Oral theophylline has, for many years, been used as a bronchodilator in patients with COPD. Despite the introduction of new drugs, and its narrow therapeutic index, theophylline is still recommended for COPD treatment.
- Oral xanthines as maintenance treatment for asthma in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Xanthines have been used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator, though they may also have anti-inflammatory effects. The current role of xanthines in the long-term treatment of childhood asthma needs to be reassessed.
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2014
Acute cough due to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a common symptom. Non-prescription, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are frequently recommended as a first-line treatment, but there is little evidence as to whether these drugs are effective.
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2014
Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia. Accordingly they often use over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications (mucolytics or cough suppressants). These might provide relief in reducing cough severity, but suppression of the cough mechanism m
- Oxatomide for stable asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Oxatomide is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist. As an oral agent, oxatomide may be useful in managing asthma. Some guidelines recommend oxatomide for long-term prophylaxis of asthma in children. There is no clear evidence whether children or adults with
- Oxygen for breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2016
Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is given to improve survival time in people with COPD and severe chronic hypoxaemia at rest. The efficacy of oxygen therapy for breathles
- Oxygen therapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2009
Exercise training within the context of pulmonary rehabilitation improves outcomes of exercise capacity, dyspnea and health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplemental oxygen in comparison to plac
- Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2016
Oxygen (O2) is widely used in people with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Previous systematic reviews concluded that there was insufficient evidence to know whether oxygen reduced, increased or had no effect on heart ischaemia or infarct size. Our firs
