Showing 461-480 of 642 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Cardiovascular 
- Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2008
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common condition caused by inadequate blood flow through the veins, usually in the lower limbs. It can result in considerable discomfort with symptoms such as pain, itchiness and tiredness in the legs. Sufferers may
- Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) can be either of unknown aetiology (primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)) or due to a known underlying cause (secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH). Pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction is considered to be an important charac
- Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors for heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2012
In the treatment of chronic heart failure, vasodilating agents, ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers have shown an increase of life expectancy. Another strategy is to increase the inotropic state of the myocardium : phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDIs) act by
- Physical fitness training for stroke patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Mar-2016
Levels of physical fitness are low after stroke. It is unknown whether improving physical fitness after stroke reduces disability.
- Physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis in stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2010
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and resulting pulmonary embolism (PE) are important complications of stroke. Physical methods to reduce the risk of DVT and PE, such as graduated compression stockings (GCS) or intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) applied to
- Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2014
Various approaches to physical rehabilitation may be used after stroke, and considerable controversy and debate surround the effectiveness of relative approaches. Some physiotherapists base their treatments on a single approach; others use a mixture of co
- Physical therapies for reducing and controlling lymphoedema of the limbs
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2008
Lymphoedema is the accumulation of excess fluid in the body caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage mechanisms. Management involves decongesting the reduced lymphatic pathways in order to reduce the size of the limb. There is a great deal of debat
- Piracetam for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2012
Piracetam has neuroprotective and antithrombotic effects that may help to reduce death and disability in people with acute stroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 1999, and previously updated in 2006 and 2009.
- Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers during percutaneous coronary intervention and as the initial medical treatment of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2013
During percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS), the risk of acute vessel occlusion by thrombosis is high. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers strongly inhibit platelet aggregation and may pre
- Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic therapy for variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Randomised clinical trials have compared portosystemic shunting procedures with endoscopic therapy for variceal haemorrhage, but there is no consensus as to which approach is preferable.
- Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2013
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow are postulated as causative factors. Ano
- Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, a
- Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Epidemiological evidence on the effects of potassium on blood pressure is inconsistent.
- Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease causing fibrosis and commonly affects the skin and internal organs such as the GI tract, lungs, kidney and heart. Most people with scleroderma also have raynaud's phenomenon (RP). One of the possible treatment op
- Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2017
Infants born to mothers with pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality and significant morbidity in the short and long term. Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes are at greater ri
- Pre-operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2010
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2015
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c
- Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2011
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited diseases in the world, and can cause haemolytic anaemia, vaso-occlusive crises and dysfunction in virtually any organ system in the body. Surgical procedures are often required. Blood transfusion reg
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
