Showing 461-480 of 746 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Moderately early (7‐14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Corticosteroids have been used late in the neonatal period to treat chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm babies, and early to try to prevent it. CLD is likely to be the result of persisting inflammation in the lung and the use of powerful anti-inflammato
- Moderate‐term, low‐dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-1998
Low dose corticosteroid use in RA is currently widespread with up to 80% of patients using prednisone or similar corticosteroid preparations in many arthritis practices, but the value of corticosteroids for the treatment of RA has been debated by several
- Molindone for schizophrenia and severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Antipsychotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for people with schizophrenia. In recent years new or atypical antipsychotics have been introduced. These are less likely to produce movement disorders and raise serum prolactin.
- Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2018
Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) is characterised by constipation, incomplete evacuation, bloating, and gastric reflux. It is one of the major adverse events of treatment for pain in cancer and in palliative care, resulting in increased morbidity a
- Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2017
The use of muscle relaxants in the management of non-specific low back pain is controversial. It is not clear if they are effective, and concerns have been raised about the potential adverse effects involved.
- Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Some authorities have advocated Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis and other infections caused by mycobacteria.
- Naftidrofuryl for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2008
Stroke is the third most common cause of death and the most common cause of disability in the western world. The development of drugs to limit the effects of brain damage caused by stroke continues but no routine effective treatment has yet been identifie
- New generation antipsychotics for first episode schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
The new generation antipsychotics are associated with a lower risk of adverse effects compared with drugs such as haloperidol. Many treatment guidelines recommend the use of new generation ('atypical') antipsychotic drugs for people with a first episode o
- Newer atypical antipsychotic medication versus clozapine for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, which is claimed to have superior efficacy and to cause fewer movement disorders. However, clozapine carries a significant risk of serious blood disorders. Newer atypical antipsychotics are safer alternatives t
- Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Depressive disorders are common in young people and are associated with significant negative impacts. Newer generation antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often used, however evidence of their effectiveness i
- Nicergoline for dementia and other age associated forms of cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Nicergoline is an ergot derivative currently in use in over fifty countries for more than three decades, for the treatment of cognitive, affective, and behavioral disorders of older people. It was initially considered as a vasoactive drug and mainly presc
- Nitrates for achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Achalasia is a disease that impairs oesophageal motility. Although nitrates have been used to treat achalasia for a long time, the effectiveness of nitrates for achalasia is still controversial. Newer therapies have to some extent superceded the use of ni
- Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) has multiple effects that may be beneficial in acute stroke, including lowering blood pressure, and promoting reperfusion and cytoprotection. Some forms of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) may also be beneficial. However, high co
- Nitric oxide donors for treating preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2014
A number of tocolytics have been advocated for the treatment of threatened preterm labour in order to delay birth. The rationale is that a delay in birth may be associated with improved neonatal morbidity or mortality. Nitric oxide donors, such as nitrogl
- Nitric oxide for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2010
Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide mediates many functions of the endothelium, including vasodilatation and inhibition
- Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
- Non surgical therapy for anal fissure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occur
- Non‐antipsychotic catecholaminergic drugs for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2018
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disabling movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of antipsychotic medication. Several strategies have been examined in the treatment of TD. Currently, however, there is no clear evidence of the effectiveness of th
- Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2020
About 80% of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have relapses. Of these children, half relapse frequently, and are at risk of adverse effects from corticosteroids. While non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications prolong perio
- Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is the accumulation of fluid in the central retina (the macula) due to leakage from dilated capillaries. It is the most common cause of poor visual outcome following cataract surgery. The exact cause is unclear. Acute CMO, def
