Showing 461-480 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Oxygen therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2013
The most serious complications of cystic fibrosis (CF) relate to respiratory insufficiency. Oxygen supplementation therapy has long been a standard of care for individuals with chronic lung diseases associated with hypoxemia. Physicians commonly prescribe
- Oxygen therapy in the pre‐hospital setting for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2020
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality, characterised by acute deterioration in symptoms. During these exacerbations, people are prone to developing alveolar hypoventilation, which may be partly c
- Palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2016
Respiratory syncytial virus infection causes acute lung infection in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Children with cystic fibrosis are prone to recurrent lung inflammation, bacterial colonisation an
- Palliative endobronchial brachytherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2012
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 2, 2008 of The Cochrane Library. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) constitute about 80% of all lung cancer cases. Although surgery is the only curative treatment of NSCLC, fewer than 2
- Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2015
Palliative radiotherapy to the chest is often used in patients with lung cancer, but radiotherapy regimens are more often based on tradition than research results. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2001 and previously updated in 20
- Parent-initiated oral corticosteroid therapy for intermittent wheezing illnesses in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2008
Intermittent wheezing illnesses, which include viral associated wheeze and asthma, are amongst the most common reasons for children to present urgently to a doctor. Whether parents should commence oral corticosteroids (OCS) for an episode of acute wheeze
- Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes of severe respiratory failure that are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. Artifical ventilatory support is commonly required and may exacerbate lung inj
- Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are syndromes of severe respiratory failure. Children with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome have high mortality and the survivors have significant morbidity. Partial liquid
- Patient education and counselling for promoting adherence to treatment for tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2012
Non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment can lead to prolonged periods of infectiousness, relapse, emergence of drug-resistance, and increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we assess whether patient education or counselling, or both, promotes ad
- Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2018
Immunization rates for children and adults are rising, but coverage levels have not reached optimal goals. As a result, vaccine-preventable diseases still occur. In an era of increasing complexity of immunization schedules, rising expectations about the p
- Penicillin for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
People with a history of rheumatic fever are at high risk of recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever and developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of rheumat
- Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Sep-2008
Methylxanthine derivatives are vasodilators. They also inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals and may be neuroprotective. This review covers an area where no active research is taking place. It wil
- Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-1999
Pain relief after tonsillectomy is an important part of post-operative management. Sometimes local anaesthetics are administed to the tonsillar region, but their effectiveness in relieving pain has not been formally assessed.
- Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
Experimental animal data and uncontrolled, observational studies in human infants have suggested that hyperventilation and hypocapnia may be associated with increased pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. Protective ventilatory strategies allowing h
- Pet allergen control measures for allergic asthma in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Although pet removal has been recommended in guidelines on the management of allergic asthma, pet ownership remains high in families where one or more members have an allergy to pet dander. Allergen control measures such as air filtration units placed in
- Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2019
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs. Despite improvements in clinical management (for example, lung protection strategies), mortality in this patient group is at appro
- Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-May-2021
Asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are common medical conditions that frequently co-exist. GORD has been postulated as a trigger for asthma; however, evidence remains conflicting. Proposed mechanisms by which GORD causes asthma include di
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2011
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterised by inflammation of the airways and destruction of pulmonary tissue with post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC of <0.70 (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity). Evidence indicates
- Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Intrapartum pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath may result in surfactant administration to the infant lung, with the potential benefit of avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation, ventilator induced lung injury and bronch
- Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) can be either of unknown aetiology (primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)) or due to a known underlying cause (secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH). Pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction is considered to be an important charac
