Showing 481-500 of 508 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Vaccines for preventing malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2019
Four types of malaria vaccine, SPf66 and MSP/RESA vaccines (against the asexual stages of the Plasmodium parasite) and CS-NANP and RTS,S vaccines (against the sporozoite stages), have been tested in randomized controlled trials in endemic areas.
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (blood‐stage)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
A malaria vaccine is needed because of the heavy burden of mortality and morbidity due to this disease. This review describes the results of trials of blood (asexual)-stage vaccines. Several are under development, but only one (MSP/RESA, also known as Com
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (pre‐erythrocytic)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Vaccines against all stages of the malaria parasite are in development, mainly for Plasmodium falciparum, which causes the most serious form of malaria. Pre-erythrocytic vaccines act to prevent or delay a malaria attack by attacking the sporozoite and liv
- Vaccines for preventing malaria (SPf66)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
A malaria vaccine is badly needed. SPf66 was one of the earliest vaccines developed. It is a synthetic peptide vaccine containing antigens from the blood stages of malaria linked together with an antigen from the sporozoite stage, and is targeted mainly a
- Vaccines for preventing plague
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-1998
Plague is endemic in China, Mongolia, Burma, Vietnam, Indonesia, India, large parts of Southern Africa, the United States and South America. There are three types of vaccines (live attenuated, killed and F1 fraction) with varying means of administration.
- Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Whilst pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) have the potential to prevent disease and death, the degree of protection afford
- Vaccines for preventing smallpox
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Smallpox was eradicated by 1980, but its possible use as a bioweapon has rekindled interest in the development of protective vaccines. Therefore, stockpiled calf lymph-derived vaccines and recently developed cell-cultured vaccines have been investigated t
- Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2018
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are widely available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide (paren
- Vaccines for prophylaxis of viral infections in patients with hematological malignancies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2011
Viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. It remains uncertain whether viral vaccinations in these patients are supported by good evidence.
- Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2015
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It occurs in newborn infants born to mothers who do not have sufficient circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Pre
- Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection is one of the most tragic consequences of the HIV epidemic, especially in resource-limited countries, resulting in about 650 000 new paediatric HIV infections each year worldwide. The paediatric HIV epi
- Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Nosocomial, late onset, sepsis occurs in up to 50% of infants of less than 1000gm at birth. The most frequent organism isolated is coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). A number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic low dose vancomyci
- Vasopressors for hypotensive shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2016
Initial goal-directed resuscitation for hypotensive shock usually includes administration of intravenous fluids, followed by initiation of vasopressors. Despite obvious immediate effects of vasopressors on haemodynamics, their effect on patient-relevant o
- Vitamin A for non‐measles pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Acute respiratory infections, mostly in the form of pneumonia, are the leading causes of death in children under five years of age in low-income countries. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that vitamin A supplementation reduces the severity of respi
- Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Vitamin A supplements are effective for preventing diarrhoea. There are theoretical reasons why they may also be effective for acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), also very common in children, especially in low-income countries.
- Vitamin A for treating measles in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is a recognized risk factor for severe measles infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily oral dose of vitamin A for two days to children with meas
- Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2015
The World Health Organization recommends routine vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy or lactation in areas with endemic vitamin A deficiency (where night blindness occurs), based on the expectation that supplementation will improve maternal and new
- Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother‐to‐child HIV transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2017
Strategies to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-positive women, exclusive breastfeeding from birth for six weeks plus nevirapine or replacement f
- Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2013
Pneumonia is one of the most common serious infections, causing two million deaths annually among young children in low-income countries. In high-income countries pneumonia is most significantly a problem of the elderly.
- Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2013
Tetanus is a severe disease that can be prevented by vaccination. In developing countries vaccination coverage is not always high. Cases still occur also in developed countries, particularly in elderly people owing to their reduced immuno protection. Ther
