Showing 481-500 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Relaxation therapy for preventing and treating preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2012
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Although the pathogenesis of preterm labour (PTL) is not well understood, there is evidence about the relationship between maternal psychological stress and adverse pregnancy out
- Relaxin for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2009
Relaxin is a protein hormone composed of two amino acid chains. The role played by relaxin in human pregnancy and parturition is unclear. Its use and involvement as a cervical ripening agent has been debated since the 1950s. Because the main source of hum
- Relaxin for preventing preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2013
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early animal and clinical studies have provided some evidence to support an inhibitory effect of relaxin on preterm birth for women in preterm labour.
- Repeat digital cervical assessment in pregnancy for identifying women at risk of preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2010
Repeat digital cervical assessment (RDCA - examination of the cervix with a finger) has been promoted as a routine intervention in the antenatal clinic as a screening test for the risk of preterm birth (that is, birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestatio
- Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2022
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) are at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and need for respiratory support due to lung immaturity. One course of prenatal corticosteroids, administered to women at risk of preterm birth, reduces t
- Repeated use of pre- and postcoital hormonal contraception for prevention of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2014
Repeated use of postcoital hormonal contraception is not currently recommended due to the higher risk of side effects and lower contraceptive effectiveness compared to other modern methods of contraception. However, emerging evidence indicates renewed int
- Rest during pregnancy for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications in women with normal blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2010
Women at risk of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension are sometimes advised to rest. Whether this, overall, does more good than harm is unclear.
- Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2013
Restricting fluids and foods during labour is common practice across many birth settings with some women only being allowed sips of water or ice chips. Restriction of oral intake may be unpleasant for some women, and may adversely influence their experien
- Risk-scoring systems for predicting preterm birth with the aim of reducing associated adverse outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2015
Identification of pregnancies that are higher risk than average is important to allow the possibility of interventions aimed at preventing adverse outcomes like preterm birth. Many scoring systems designed to classify the risk of a number of poor pregnanc
- Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2014
Pubic or perineal shaving is a procedure performed before birth in order to lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous perineal tear or if an episiotomy is performed.
- Routine pre-pregnancy health promotion for improving pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2009
A number of potentially modifiable risk factors are known to be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. These include smoking, drinking excess alcohol, and poor nutrition. Routine health promotion (encompassing education, advice and general health assess
- Routine prophylactic drugs in normal labour for reducing gastric aspiration and its effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Women in normal labour may sometimes go on to have general anaesthesia if labour becomes abnormal, for example if a caesarean section is required. General anaesthesia carries a very small risk of regurgitation and inhalation of stomach contents into the l
- Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jun-2015
Diagnostic ultrasound is used selectively in late pregnancy where there are specific clinical indications. However, the value of routine late pregnancy ultrasound screening in unselected populations is controversial. The rationale for such screening would
- Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2015
Topical corticosteroids are the most frequently prescribed dermatological treatment and are often used by pregnant women with skin conditions. However, little is known about their safety in pregnancy.
- Screening and subsequent management for gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy. Although GDM usually resolves following birth, it is associated with significant morbidities for mother and baby both perinatally and in the long term. There is strong evi
- Second trimester serum tests for Down's Syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 - or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome - rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental retardation. Noninvasive screening based
- Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2011
Semen preparation techniques for assisted reproduction, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), were developed to separate the motile morphologically normal spermatozoa. Leucocytes, bacteria and dead spermatozoa produce oxygen radicals that negatively
- Separate care for new mother and infant versus rooming-in for increasing the duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2012
Separate care for a new mother and infant may affect the duration of breastfeeding, breastfeeding behaviour and may have an adverse effect on neonatal and maternal outcomes.
- Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2008
The role of prostaglandins for cervical ripening and induction of labour has been examined extensively. Human semen is the biological source that is presumed to contain the highest prostaglandin concentration. The role of sexual intercourse in the initiat
- Single versus double intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Intrauterine insemination, with or without controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, is one of the treatment modalities offered to couples who have tried to conceive for at least one year (subfertile couples). It has been suggested that increasing the number o
