Showing 481-500 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Relaxin for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
Relaxin is a protein hormone composed of two amino acid chains. The role played by relaxin in human pregnancy and parturition is unclear. Its use and involvement as a cervical ripening agent has been debated since the 1950s. Because the main source of hum
- Relaxin for preventing preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Aug-2013
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early animal and clinical studies have provided some evidence to support an inhibitory effect of relaxin on preterm birth for women in preterm labour.
- Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2020
Women may experience differing types of pain and discomfort following birth, including cramping pain (often called after-birth pain) associated with uterine involution, where the uterus contracts to reduce blood loss and return the uterus to its non-pregn
- Repeat digital cervical assessment in pregnancy for identifying women at risk of preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2010
Repeat digital cervical assessment (RDCA - examination of the cervix with a finger) has been promoted as a routine intervention in the antenatal clinic as a screening test for the risk of preterm birth (that is, birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestatio
- Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2015
It has been unclear whether repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids are beneficial.
- Repeated use of pre‐ and postcoital hormonal contraception for prevention of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2014
Repeated use of postcoital hormonal contraception is not currently recommended due to the higher risk of side effects and lower contraceptive effectiveness compared to other modern methods of contraception. However, emerging evidence indicates renewed int
- Rest during pregnancy for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications in women with normal blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2010
Women at risk of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension are sometimes advised to rest. Whether this, overall, does more good than harm is unclear.
- Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Aug-2013
Restricting fluids and foods during labour is common practice across many birth settings with some women only being allowed sips of water or ice chips. Restriction of oral intake may be unpleasant for some women, and may adversely influence their experien
- Risk‐scoring systems for predicting preterm birth with the aim of reducing associated adverse outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2015
Identification of pregnancies that are higher risk than average is important to allow the possibility of interventions aimed at preventing adverse outcomes like preterm birth. Many scoring systems designed to classify the risk of a number of poor pregnanc
- Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2016
Mother-infant proximity and interactions after birth and during the early postpartum period are important for breast-milk production and breastfeeding success. Rooming-in and separate care are both traditional practices. Rooming-in involves keeping the mo
- Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2014
Pubic or perineal shaving is a procedure performed before birth in order to lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous perineal tear or if an episiotomy is performed.
- Routine pre‐pregnancy health promotion for improving pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
A number of potentially modifiable risk factors are known to be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. These include smoking, drinking excess alcohol, and poor nutrition. Routine health promotion (encompassing education, advice and general health assess
- Routine prophylactic drugs in normal labour for reducing gastric aspiration and its effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Women in normal labour may sometimes go on to have general anaesthesia if labour becomes abnormal, for example if a caesarean section is required. General anaesthesia carries a very small risk of regurgitation and inhalation of stomach contents into the l
- Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jun-2015
Diagnostic ultrasound is used selectively in late pregnancy where there are specific clinical indications. However, the value of routine late pregnancy ultrasound screening in unselected populations is controversial. The rationale for such screening would
- Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2015
Topical corticosteroids are the most frequently prescribed dermatological treatment and are often used by pregnant women with skin conditions. However, little is known about their safety in pregnancy.
- Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2017
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy. Although GDM usually resolves following birth, it is associated with significant morbidities for mothers and their infants in the short and long term. There is strong evid
- Second trimester serum tests for Down's Syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 - or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome - rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental retardation. Noninvasive screening based
- Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Feb-2017
Some clinicians believe that routine episiotomy, a surgical cut of the vagina and perineum, will prevent serious tears during childbirth. On the other hand, an episiotomy guarantees perineal trauma and sutures.
- Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2019
Semen preparation techniques for assisted reproduction, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), were developed to select the motile morphologically normal spermatozoa. The yield of many motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa might influence treatme
- Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
The role of prostaglandins for cervical ripening and induction of labour has been examined extensively. Human semen is the biological source that is presumed to contain the highest prostaglandin concentration. The role of sexual intercourse in the initiat
