Showing 481-500 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2020
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cough, sputum production or dyspnoea, and a reduction in lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. Apart from smoking cessation, no other treatments that slow lung function decline
- Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2022
Physical activity (including exercise) may form an important part of regular care for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This is an update of a previously published review.
- Physical training for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2013
People with asthma may show less tolerance to exercise due to worsening asthma symptoms during exercise or other reasons such as deconditioning as a consequence of inactivity. Some may restrict activities as per medical advice or family influence and this
- Physical training for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
This review is no longer being updated. It has been replaced with a new review with the following citation. Lee AL, Gordon CS, Osadnik CR. Exercise training for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD013110.
- Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2013
Approximately half of all patients with metastatic cancer develop a malignant pleural effusion which is likely to lead to a significant reduction in quality of life secondary to symptoms such as dyspnoea and cough. The aim of pleurodesis in these patients
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2020
Prior to introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), Streptococcus pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media (AOM). Reducing nasopharyngeal colonisation of this bacterium by PCVs may lead t
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi
- Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs
- Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2017
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, as well as acute exacerbations with associated morbidity and healthcare costs.
- Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in
- Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2014
General anaesthesia causes atelectasis, which can lead to impaired respiratory function. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a mechanical manoeuvre that increases functional residual capacity (FRC) and prevents collapse of the airways, thereby redu
- Positive end-expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Feb-2019
Conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is a common therapy for neonatal respiratory failure. While CMV facilitates gas exchange, it may simultaneously injure the lungs. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has received less attention than other vent
- Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
Effective ventilation is the key to successful neonatal resuscitation. Positive pressure ventilation is initiated with manual ventilation devices which may or not deliver positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). PEEP is known to have beneficial effects in
- Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2019
Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices provide back pressure to the airways during expiration. This may improve clearance by bui
- Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow are postulated as causative factors. Ano
- Postoperative radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was not clear. A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate available ev
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
- Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2019
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the repetitive closure of the upper airway during sleep. This results in disturbed sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is a risk factor for long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (C
