Showing 5041-5060 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi
- Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs
- Pneumococcal vaccines for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2014
Invasive pneumococcal disease is associated with significant mortality and many countries have introduced routine pneumococcal vaccination into their childhood immunisation programmes. Whilst pneumococcal disease in cystic fibrosis is uncommon, pneumococc
- Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2012
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in
- Point‐of‐care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2022
Viral load (VL) testing in people living with HIV (PLHIV) helps to monitor antiretroviral therapy (ART). VL is still largely tested using central laboratory-based platforms, which have long test turnaround times and involve sophisticated equipment. VL tes
- Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Sporting organisations provide an important setting for health promotion strategies that involve policies, communication of healthy messages and creation of health promoting environments. The introduction of policy interventions within sporting organisati
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2015
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and seventh most common cause of cancer death in women world-wide. Three-quarters of women present when the disease has spread throughout the abdomen (stage III or IV) and treatment consists of a combination
- Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2008
Registry data shows that between 15-35% kidney recipients will undergo treatment for at least one episode of acute rejection within the first post transplant year. Treatment options include pulsed steroid therapy, the use of an antibody preparation, the a
- Polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2012
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment for many malignant and non-malignant haematological disorders. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a condition frequently occurring after HSCT, is the result of host tiss
- Polymerase chain reaction blood tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2015
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common life-threatening opportunistic invasive mould infection in immunocompromised people. Early diagnosis of IA and prompt administration of appropriate antifungal treatment are critical to the survival of people
- Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2009
Acute diarrhoea is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Glucose-based ORS helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. Since 2004, the World Health Organization has rec
- Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. The structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic and mental health pr
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
About 5% of schoolchildren have a specific learning disorder, defined as an unexpected failure to acquire adequate abilities in reading, writing or mathematic skills not as a result of reduced intellectual ability, inadequate teaching or social deprivatio
- Pool fencing for preventing drowning of children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
In most industrialized countries, drowning ranks second or third behind motor vehicles and fires as a cause of unintentional injury deaths to children under the age of 15. Death rates from drowning are highest in children less than five years old. Pool fe
- Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2011
The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is closely related to the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similar risk behaviours, such as frequent unprotected intercourse with different partners, place people at high
- Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Fall-related injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Summary information about countermeasures that successfully address the risk factors for fall-related injuries in research settings has been widely disseminated
- Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2015
Overeating and harmful alcohol and tobacco use have been linked to the aetiology of various non-communicable diseases, which are among the leading global causes of morbidity and premature mortality. As people are repeatedly exposed to varying sizes and sh
