Showing 5121-5140 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2021
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal dilation in the diameter of the abdominal aorta of 50% or more of the normal diameter or greater than 3 cm in total. The risk of rupture increases with the diameter of the aneurysm, particularly above a di
- Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and improve quality of life in colorectal cancer surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2022
Surgery is the cornerstone in curative treatment of colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, surgery itself can adversely affect patient health. 'Enhanced Recovery After Surgery' programmes, which include multimodal interventions, have improved patient outcomes
- Pre-hospital versus in-hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2016
Targeted temperature management (also known under 'therapeutic hypothermia', 'induced hypothermia'", or 'cooling') has been shown to be beneficial for neurological outcome in patients who have had successful resuscitation from sudden cardiac arrest, but i
- Pre-hospital versus in-hospital thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2014
Early thrombolysis for individuals experiencing a myocardial infarction is associated with better mortality and morbidity outcomes. While traditionally thrombolysis is given in hospital, pre-hospital thrombolysis is proposed as an effective intervention t
- Preimplantation genetic screening for abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidies) in in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
In both IVF and ICSI, selection of the most competent embryos for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women fail to achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' embryo transfer. One of the presumed causes is that such embryos show
- Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Since the early 1980s, it has become more and more common to carry out surgical procedures on a day case basis. Many patients are anxious before surgery yet there is sometimes a reluctance to provide sedative medication because it is believed to delay dis
- Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2015
Preterm birth is a major complication of pregnancy associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm labour has been advocated.
- Prenatal education for congenital toxoplasmosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2015
Congenital toxoplasmosis is considered a rare but potentially severe infection. Prenatal education about congenital toxoplasmosis could be the most efficient and least harmful intervention, yet its effectiveness is uncertain.
- Prenatal interventions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia for improving outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2015
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), is an uncommon but severe condition in which there is a developmental defect in the fetal diaphragm, resulting in liver and bowel migrating to the chest cavity and impairing lung development and function for the neon
- Prenatal versus postnatal repair procedures for spina bifida for improving infant and maternal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2014
Spina bifida is a fetal neural tube defect (NTD), which may be diagnosed in utero and is compatible with life postnatally, albeit often with significant disability and morbidity. Although postnatal repair is possible, with increasing in utero diagnosis wi
- Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2012
Fear of dental pain is a major barrier to children needing dental care. The use of preoperative analgesics has the potential to reduce postoperative discomfort. In addition it might also reduce intraoperative pain. Reviewing the available evidence will de
- Pre-operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2010
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2015
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c
- Pre-operative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Patients with obstructive jaundice have various pathophysiological changes that affect the liver, kidney, heart, and the immune system. There is considerable controversy as to whether temporary relief of biliary obstruction prior to major definitive surge
- Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2011
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited diseases in the world, and can cause haemolytic anaemia, vaso-occlusive crises and dysfunction in virtually any organ system in the body. Surgical procedures are often required. Blood transfusion reg
- Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2014
Preoperative carbohydrate treatments have been widely adopted as part of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) or fast-track surgery protocols. Although fast-track surgery protocols have been widely investigated and have been shown to be associated with
- Pre-operative chemoradiation for non-metastatic locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2012
This review sets out to assess the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiation when compared to radiotherapy alone before surgery in the treatment of advanced non metastatic rectal surgery.
- Preoperative chemoradiation versus radiation alone for stage II and III resectable rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2013
Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) decreases local recurrence rate and improves survival in stage II and III rectal cancer patients. The combination of chemotherapy with RT has a sound radiobiological rationale, and phase II trials of combined chemoradiation
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
