Showing 5161-5180 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare providers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Aug-2022
Aerosols and spatter are generated in a dental clinic during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) that use high-speed hand pieces. Dental healthcare providers can be at increased risk of transmission of diseases such as tuberculosis, measles and severe ac
- Pre-referral rectal artesunate for severe malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-May-2014
Severe or complicated malaria is a medical emergency and people die as a result of delays in starting treatment. Most patients need parenteral treatment, and in primary healthcare facilities, where intravenous therapy is not available but intramuscular in
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Pressure modification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is considered to be the cornerstone of therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, compliance with this treatment is frequently poor, which may lead to ongoing symptoms of sleep disruption, daytime slee
- Pressure support versus T-tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2014
Mechanical ventilation is important in caring for patients with critical illness. Clinical complications, increased mortality, and high costs of health care are associated with prolonged ventilatory support or premature discontinuation of mechanical venti
- Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jan-2015
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) account for one-quarter of cases of acute respiratory failure in intensive care units (ICUs). A third to half of patients will die in the ICU, in hospital or during follow-up. Mechanic
- Pressure-relieving devices for treating heel pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
Pressure ulcers are areas of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure or shear. Pressure redistribution devices are used as part of the treatment to reduce the pressure on the ulcer. The anatomy of the heel and the susceptibil
- Pressure-relieving interventions for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2012
Diabetes-related foot ulceration is a major contributor to morbidity in diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are partly a consequence of abnormal foot pressures and pressure relief is a widely used treatment for healing diabetes-related plantar foot ulcers, but
- Pressurised metered dose inhalers versus all other hand-held inhaler devices to deliver beta-2 agonist bronchodilators for non-acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2009
A number of different inhaler devices are available to deliver beta2-agonist bronchodilators in asthma. These include hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) or chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free propelled pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder devices.
- Pressurised metered-dose inhalers versus all other hand-held inhalers devices to deliver bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2009
Bronchodilator therapy for COPD may be delivered by a number of different inhaler devices.
- Pre‐treatment surgical para‐aortic lymph node assessment in locally advanced cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2011.
- Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work. This may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service p
- Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes diarrhoea lasting about one to two weeks, sometimes extending up to 2.5 months among the immunocompentent and becoming a more severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. Cryptosporidium i
- Prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2013
Postpartum blood pressure (BP) is highest three to six days after birth when most women have been discharged home. A significant rise in BP may be dangerous (e.g., can lead to stroke), but there is little information about how to prevent or treat postpart
- Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2010
Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a condition that similarly disproport
- Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2010
Arterial reconstructions with prosthetic graft materials or vein are susceptible to infection with a resultant high patient mortality and risk of limb loss. To reduce the risk of infection effective perioperative measures are essential.
- Prevention of NSAID‐induced gastroduodenal ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important agents in the management of arthritic and inflammatory conditions, and are among the most frequently prescribed medications in North America and Europe. However, there is overwhelming evidence l
- Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
A range of treatments have been proposed to improve pregnancy outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss associated with antiphospholipid antibody (APL). Small studies have not resolved uncertainty about benefits and risks.
- Preventive interventions for postnatal psychosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2013
Postnatal psychosis is a worldwide life-threatening condition that affects one to two in every 1000 new mothers. It has an abrupt onset within a month of childbirth. Affected new mothers rapidly develop frank psychosis, cognitive impairment, and disorgani
- Preventive staff-support interventions for health workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2014
Healthcare workers need to be supported to maintain sufficient levels of motivation and productivity, and to prevent the debilitating effects of stress on mental and physical well-being.
