Showing 501-520 of 746 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Once versus twice daily low molecular weight heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2013
In the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is administered once or twice daily. A once daily treatment regimen is more convenient for the patient and may optimise home treatment. However, it is not clear w
- Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2019
People with cystic fibrosis, who are chronically colonised with the organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often require multiple courses of intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics for the management of pulmonary exacerbations. The properties of aminoglycosides
- One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2016
Animal studies and trials in older children and adults suggest that a 'one dose per day' regimen of gentamicin is superior to a 'multiple doses per day' regimen.
- Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2021
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opioid withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss, seizures and neurodevelopmental problems.
- Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2013
The use of opioids in the long-term management of chronic low-back pain (CLBP) has increased dramatically. Despite this trend, the benefits and risks of these medications remain unclear. This review is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 200
- Opioids for neuropathic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2013
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2006, which included 23 trials. The use of opioids for neuropathic pain remains controversial. Studies have been small, have yielded equivocal results, and have not establish
- Oral antibiotics versus parenteral antibiotics for severe pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in developing countries. When hospitalisation is required, the usual practice includes administering parenteral antibiotics if a
- Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi originating in the left atrial appendage. Both oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents have proven effective for stroke preve
- Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2022
In people with acute ischaemic stroke, platelets become activated and can cause blood clots to form and block an artery in the brain, resulting in damage to part of the brain. Such damage gives rise to the symptoms of stroke. Antiplatelet therapy might re
- Oral anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen causing lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy is vital. Antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations are usually given intravenously, and for long-term tr
- Oral beta‐blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
Antihypertensives, such as beta-blockers, are used for pregnancy hypertension in the belief these will improve outcome for mother and baby.
- Oral corticosteroids for bronchiectasis (stable and acute exacerbations)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. Two small studies have shown small benefits from inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids may be of benefit in bronchiectasis
- Oral corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic lung disorder, usually related to cigarette smoking, representing a major and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined "as a disease state characterized by airflow limitati
- Oral herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2014
Medicinal plant products are used orally for treating osteoarthritis. Although their mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated in full detail, interactions with common inflammatory mediators provide a rationale for using them to treat osteoarthrit
- Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2016
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common emergency involving the gastrointestinal tract occurring in the neonatal period. There have been published reports that suggest that oral immunoglobulins (Ig)A and IgG produce an immunoprotective effect i
- Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Rotavirus is a common neonatal nosocomial viral infection and epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported. Local mucosal immunity in the intestine to rotavirus is important in the resolution of infection and protection against subsequent in
- Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Rotavirus infection is the most common neonatal nosocomial viral infection. It is a major health problem worldwide. Epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported in neonatal units globally. These strains can cause severe symptoms in most infe
- Oral methylxanthines for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Bronchiectasis is characterised by chronic sputum production, bronchial wall dilation, recurrent infection and airflow limitation. Methylxanthines are used in the management of airflow limitation associated with asthma and COPD, where they are also purpor
- Oral non steroid anti-inflammatories for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2009
Bronchiectasis is increasing recognised as a co-morbidity in many respiratory illness. Anti inflammatory drugs may reduce the inflammatory cascade and thus reduce symptoms and slow long term pulmonary decline.
- Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2019
Progressive lung damage causes most deaths in cystic fibrosis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) may prevent progressive pulmonary deterioration and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published review.
