Showing 501-520 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Pressurised metered dose inhalers versus all other hand‐held inhaler devices to deliver beta‐2 agonist bronchodilators for non‐acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
A number of different inhaler devices are available to deliver beta2-agonist bronchodilators in asthma. These include hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) or chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free propelled pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder devices.
- Pressurised metered‐dose inhalers versus all other hand‐held inhalers devices to deliver bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Bronchodilator therapy for COPD may be delivered by a number of different inhaler devices.
- Primary care based clinics for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
Asthma is defined as the presence of variable airflow obstruction with symptoms (more than one of wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough). It is becoming increasingly common worldwide and this is especially true in higher income countries. In seve
- Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Aug-2022
Probiotics are live micro-organisms that may give a beneficial physiological effect when administered in adequate amounts. Some trials show that probiotic strains can prevent respiratory infections. Even though our previously published review showed the b
- Prolonged antibiotics for non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2015
The vicious cycle hypothesis for bronchiectasis predicts that bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract perpetuates inflammatory change. This damages the mucociliary escalator, preventing bacterial clearance and allowing persistence of pro-inflammat
- Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is controversial.
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2021
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited disorders that result in haemoglobin abnormalities and other complications. Injury to the spleen, among other factors, contribute to persons with SCD being particularly susceptible to infection. Infants an
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Intubation is associated with bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract and therefore may increase the risk of acquiring an infection. The infection may prolong the need for mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of chronic lung disease. The u
- Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2020
Staphylococcus aureus causes pulmonary infection in young children with cystic fibrosis. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed hoping to prevent such infection and lung damage. Antibiotics have adverse effects and long-term use might lead to infection w
- Prophylactic barbiturate use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2016
Seizures are common following perinatal asphyxia and may exacerbate secondary neuronal injury. Barbiturate therapy has been used for infants with perinatal asphyxia in order to prevent seizures. However, barbiturate therapy may adversely affect neurodevel
- Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnoea following general anaesthesia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Growing ex-preterm infants who undergo general anaesthesia for surgery at about term-equivalent age may have episodes of apnoea, cyanosis and bradycardia during the early postoperative period. A breathing stimulant such as caffeine given at the time of op
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases in patients undergoing radical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2010
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is a relatively high incidence of brain metastases following radical treatment. At present, the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in this group of patients is not clear. This is an update of the or
- Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2000
When preterm infants have been given intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure, weaning from support and tracheal extubation may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respirato
- Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants. These episodes can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. In infants with apnoea, methylxanthine treatment has been used successful
- Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Weaning and extubating preterm infants on intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respiratory drive and tendency to develop hypercar
- Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2021
Cohort studies have suggested that nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) starting in the immediate postnatal period before the onset of respiratory disease (prophylactic CPAP) may be beneficial in reducing the need for intubation and intermitte
- Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with a high risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity due to an increased rate of preterm birth. Betamimetics can decrease contraction frequency or delay preterm birth in singleton pregnancies by 24 to 48 hours. The efficacy
- Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of surfactant products including protein free synthetic surfactant have been developed and tested in the prevention and treatment of RDS.
- Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a disease affecting immunocompromised patients. PCP among these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is progressive, resulting in right ventricular failure. Pulmonary hypertension can be idiopathic or associated with other conditions. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and can
