Showing 501-520 of 8819 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2019
Several antibiotics have been evaluated in Crohn's disease (CD), however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results.
- Antibiotics for infection prevention after excision of the cervical transformation zone
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2017
Excision of the transformation zone of the cervix is the most commonly used approach to treat cervical precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. As the excision of the transformation
- Antibiotics for leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2012
Leptospirosis has a wide-ranging clinical and public health impact. Leptospira are globally distributed. Case attack rates are as high as 1:4 to 2:5 persons in exposed populations. In some settings mortality has exceeded 10% of infected people. The benefi
- Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2012
Mastitis can be caused by ineffective positioning of the baby at the breast or restricted feeding. Infective mastitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of mastitis in breastfeeding women may reach 33%. Effective milk removal, pai
- Antibiotics for meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2014
Chorioamnionitis is more likely to occur when meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present. Meconium may enhance the growth of bacteria in amniotic fluid by serving as a growth factor, inhibiting bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid. Many adve
- Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2017
Approximately 1 in 10 pregnancies is affected by meconium passage at delivery, which can result in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS can cause respiratory complications and, very rarely, death. Antibiotics have been prescribed for neonates exposed t
- Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2012
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterised by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane, without the symptoms or signs of acute infection. In approximately one in three children with OME, however, a bacterial pat
- Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2014
Bronchiolitis is a common acute respiratory infectious condition, with a high prevalence worldwide. It is a clinically diagnosed syndrome, manifested by tachypnoea (rapid breathing), with crackles or wheeze in young children. In the acute phase of bronchi
- Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2007
Nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) is extremely common in children. It is the result of inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and is usually due to either infection or allergy. Infections may be caused by bacteria.
- Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2014
Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) at or near term (defined in this review as 36 weeks' gestation or beyond) increases the risk of infection for the woman and her baby. The routine use of antibiotics for women at the time of term PROM may reduce th
- Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2013
Premature birth carries substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. Subclinical infection is associated with preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). Prophylactic maternal antibiotic therapy might lessen infectious morbidity and delay labour, but could supp
- Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Measles is the leading killer among vaccine-preventable diseases; it is responsible for an estimated 44% of the 1.7 million vaccine-preventable deaths among children annually.
- Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Wound and bone infections are frequently associated with open fractures of the extremities and may add significantly to the resulting morbidity. The administration of antibiotics is routinely practised in developed countries as an adjunct to a comprehensi
- Antibiotics for preventing leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2009
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease transmitted by animals. Death occurs in about five per cent of the patients. In clinical practice, doxycycline is widely used for prevention.
- Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high-risk children aged 12 years and under
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2015
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children account for 1.4 million deaths annually worldwide. Antibiotics could be beneficial in preventing LRTIs in high-risk children, and may also help prevent school absenteeism and work days missed by
- Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2013
Meningococcal disease is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). Household contacts have the highest risk of contracting the disease during the first week of a case being detected. Prophylaxis is considered for
- Antibiotics for preventing recurrent sore throat
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2015
Antibiotics are sometimes used to prevent recurrent sore throat, despite concern about resistance. However, there is conflicting primary evidence regarding their effectiveness.
- Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health care problem. Recurrent UTI (RUTI) in healthy non-pregnant women is defined as three or more episodes of UTI during a twelve month period. Long-term antibiotics have been proposed as a prevention strategy f
- Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2016
Undifferentiated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a large and heterogeneous group of infections not clearly restricted to one specific part of the upper respiratory tract, which last for up to seven days. They are more common in pre-school children
- Antibiotics for prolonged moist cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2011
Cough is the most common symptom which presents to doctors. Chronic cough is reported in up to 9% of preschool aged children. American general practice guidelines suggest antimicrobial treatment may be indicated in children with cough lasting longer than
