Showing 5241-5260 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
Muscle weakness in old age is associated with physical function decline. Progressive resistance strength training (PRT) exercises are designed to increase strength.
- Progressive resistive exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Due to medical advancements, many people living with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer (Palella 1998). HIV infection can now present as a chronic illness with an uncertain natural disease history. The changing course of HIV infection
- Prolonged antibiotics for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2015
The vicious cycle hypothesis for bronchiectasis predicts that bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract perpetuates inflammatory change. This damages the mucociliary escalator, preventing bacterial clearance and allowing persistence of pro-inflammat
- Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2015
A blood transfusion is an acute intervention, used to address life- and health-threatening conditions on a short-term basis. Packed red blood cells are most often used for blood transfusion. Sometimes blood is transfused after prolonged storage but there
- Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Major abdominal and pelvic surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The efficacy of thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administered during the in-hospital period is well documented, but the optimal duration of
- Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Although indomethacin produces ductal closure in the majority of cases, it is ineffective in up to 40% of patients. Furthermore, the ductus will re-
- Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2009
Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.
- Promoting patient uptake and adherence in cardiac rehabilitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2014
Cardiac rehabilitation is an important component of recovery from coronary events but uptake and adherence to such programs are below recommended levels. In 2010, our Cochrane review identified some evidence that interventions to increase uptake of cardia
- Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Prompted voiding is a behavioural therapy used mainly in North American nursing homes. It aims to improve bladder control for people with or without dementia using verbal prompts and positive reinforcement.
- Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jun-2012
Prompts to encourage attendance at clinics are often used in day-to-day practice by diligent carers of people with mental health problems. These may take the form of telephone prompting, financial incentives or issuing a copy of the referral letter to the
- Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Acute hypoxaemia de novo or on a background of chronic hypoxaemia is a common reason for admission to intensive care and for provision of mechanical ventilation. Various refinements of mechanical ventilation or adjuncts are employed to improve patient out
- Propentofylline for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Propentofylline is a novel therapeutic agent for dementia that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts by blocking the uptake of adenosine and inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase. In vitro and in vivo its mechanism of action appears to be two
- Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2021
The use of surgical drains is a very common practice after pancreatic surgery. The role of prophylactic abdominal drainage to reduce postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery is controversial. This is the third update of a previously published
- Prophylactic anastomotic drainage for colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
There is little agreement on prophylactic use of drains in anastomoses in elective colorectal surgery despite many randomized clinical trials. Results of these trials are contradictory, quality and statistical power of these individual studies have been q
- Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of animal derived surfactant extracts have been formulated and given to infants at risk of developing RDS.
- Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is controversial.
- Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2014
There has been renewal of interest in the use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and improve quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2013
The aetiology of preterm birth is complex and there is evidence that subclinical genital tract infection influences preterm labour in some women but the role of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in the management of preterm labour is controversial. Since
- Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of retained placenta in vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2014
Retained placenta is a potentially life-threatening condition because of its association with postpartum hemorrhage. Manual removal of placenta increases the likelihood of bacterial contamination in the uterine cavity.
- Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2013
Penetrating abdominal trauma occurs when the peritoneal cavity is breached. Routine laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injuries began in the 1800s, with antibiotics first being used in World War II to combat septic complications associated with these in
