Showing 5261-5280 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing Gram positive infections associated with long-term central venous catheters in oncology patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
This is an updated version of the review which was first published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2006. Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs), including tunnelled CVCs (TCVCs) and totally implanted devices or ports (TIDs), are incre
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2002, and previously updated in 2012. People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to infection. Infants and very young children are especially vulnerable, and the 'Co-operative Stu
- Prophylactic antibiotics for transcervical intrauterine procedures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
The transcervical intrauterine route is commonly used for operative gynaecological procedures in women. The vagina is an area of the body that is abundant with normal bacterial flora. An operative procedure through the vagina may, therefore, be considered
- Prophylactic antibiotics or G(M)-CSF for the prevention of infections and improvement of survival in cancer patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2015
Febrile neutropenia (FN) and other infectious complications are some of the most serious treatment-related toxicities of chemotherapy for cancer, with a mortality rate of 2% to 21%. The two main types of prophylactic regimens are granulocyte (macrophage)
- Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2014
Surgery has been used as part of breast cancer treatment for centuries; however any surgical procedure has the potential risk of infection. Infection rates for surgical treatment of breast cancer are documented at between 3% and 15%, higher than average f
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical artery catheters are often used in unwell neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for all newborns with umbilical artery cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are often used in ill neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for newborns with umbilical venous cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2012
Intercostal catheters are commonly used for the drainage of intrathoracic collections in newborn infants, including pneumothorax and pleural effusions. Placement of an intercostal drain is a potential risk factor for nosocomial infection due to breach of
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Intubation is associated with bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract and therefore may increase the risk of acquiring an infection. The infection may prolong the need for mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of chronic lung disease. The u
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after urodynamic studies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2012
There is a risk that people who have invasive urodynamic studies (cystometry) will develop urinary tract infections or bacteria in the urine or blood. However, the use of prophylactic antibiotics before or immediately after invasive cystometry or urodynam
- Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2022
Physicians often prescribe opioids for pain in the acute care setting. Nausea and vomiting are well-described adverse events, occurring in over one-third of patients. Prophylactic antiemetics may be one option to reduce opioid-associated nausea and vomiti
- Prophylactic anti-staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2014
Staphylococcus aureus causes pulmonary infection in young children with cystic fibrosis. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed hoping to prevent such infection and lung damage. Antibiotics have adverse effects and long-term use might lead to infection
- Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnoea following general anaesthesia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Growing ex-preterm infants who undergo general anaesthesia for surgery at about term-equivalent age may have episodes of apnoea, cyanosis and bradycardia during the early postoperative period. A breathing stimulant such as caffeine given at the time of op
- Prophylactic chemotherapy for hydatidiform mole to prevent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Hydatidiform mole (HM), also called a molar pregnancy, is characterised by an overgrowth of foetal chorionic tissue within the uterus. HMs may be partial (PM) or complete (CM) depending on their gross appearance, histopathology and karyotype. PMs usually
- Prophylactic corticosteroids for cardiopulmonary bypass in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Apr-2011
High-dose prophylactic corticosteroids are often administered during cardiac surgery. Their use, however, remains controversial, as no trials are available that have been sufficiently powered to draw conclusions on their effect on major clinical outcomes.
- Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2008
Respiratory distress syndrome is a serious complication of prematurity causing significant immediate and long-term mortality and morbidity.
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases in patients undergoing radical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2010
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is a relatively high incidence of brain metastases following radical treatment. At present, the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in this group of patients is not clear. This is an update of the or
- Prophylactic cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor drugs for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2022
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-I) may prevent PDA-related complications. Controversy exists on which COX-I drug is the most effective and has the bes
- Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
When preterm infants have been given intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure, weaning from support and tracheal extubation may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respirato
- Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2021
Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2-4% of children in Great Britain and the United States and recur in 30%. Rapid-acting antiepileptics and antipyretics given during subsequent fever episodes have
