Showing 5341-5360 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2014
Hepatitis C infection is a disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus. The estimated number of chronically infected people with hepatitis C virus worldwide is about 150 million people. Every year, another three to four million people acquire the
- Nitrates for achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Achalasia is a disease that impairs oesophageal motility. Although nitrates have been used to treat achalasia for a long time, the effectiveness of nitrates for achalasia is still controversial. Newer therapies have to some extent superceded the use of ni
- Nitrates for acute heart failure syndromes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2013
Current drug therapy for acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) consists mainly of diuretics supplemented by vasodilators or inotropes. Nitrates have been used as vasodilators in AHFS for many years and have been shown to improve some aspects of AHFS in som
- Nitrates for the prevention of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2016
Cardiac complications are not uncommon in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or at high risk of CAD. Perioperative cardiac complications can lead to mortality and morbidity, as well as higher
- Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) has multiple effects that may be beneficial in acute stroke, including lowering blood pressure, and promoting reperfusion and cytoprotection. Some forms of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) may also be beneficial. However, high co
- Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2016
Sometimes it is necessary to bring on labour artificially because of safety concerns for the mother or baby. This review is one of a series of reviews of methods of labour induction using a standardised protocol.
- Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening in first‐trimester surgical abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2015
Cervical priming before first-trimester surgical abortion is recommended in certain groups of women. Nitric oxide (NO) donors induce cervical ripening without uterine contractions, but the efficacy and side effects are of concern.
- Nitric oxide donors for treating preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2014
A number of tocolytics have been advocated for the treatment of threatened preterm labour in order to delay birth. The rationale is that a delay in birth may be associated with improved neonatal morbidity or mortality. Nitric oxide donors, such as nitrogl
- Nitric oxide for preventing pre‐eclampsia and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide mediates many functions of the endothelium, including vasodilatation and inhibition
- Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2017
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
- Nitroglycerin for management of retained placenta
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Retained placenta affects 0.5% to 3% of women following delivery, with considerable morbidity if left untreated. Use of nitroglycerin (NTG), either alone or in combination with uterotonics, may be of value to minimise the need for manual removal of the pl
- Nitrous Oxide for Colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for large bowel disease. With the increase in demand, pressure is on clinics to shorten lengths of time per procedure in addition to maintaining high levels of patient safety. Analgesia has always been the ma
- Nitrous oxide-based techniques versus nitrous oxide-free techniques for general anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2015
Nitrous oxide has been used for over 160 years for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. It has been used as a sole agent but is most often employed as part of a technique using other anaesthetic gases, intravenous agents, or both. Its low
- Nitrous oxide-based versus nitrous oxide-free general anaesthesia and accidental awareness during general anaesthesia in surgical patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2016
Accidental awareness during general anaesthesia (AAGA) is when a patient unintentionally becomes conscious during a procedure performed with general anaesthesia and subsequently has explicit recall of this event. Incidence estimates for AAGA vary, with th
- Nivolumab for adults with Hodgkin's lymphoma (a rapid review using the software RobotReviewer)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2018
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a cancer of the lymphatic system, and involves the lymph nodes, spleen and other organs such as the liver, lung, bone or bone marrow, depending on the tumour stage. With cure rates of up to 90%, HL is one of the most curable can
- Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2014
Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is a common complication of many neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Long-term nocturnal mechanical ventilation is commonly used to treat it. This is a 2014 update of a review first published in 2000 and previously upd
- Non pharmacological interventions for spasticity in multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2013
Spasticity is commonly experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and it contributes to overall disability in this population. A wide range of non pharmacological interventions are used in isolation or with pharmacological agents to treat spastic
- Non surgical therapy for anal fissure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occur
- Non‐absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2016
Non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol) are recommended as first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy. The previous (second) version of this review included 10 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating non-absorbable disaccharides ve
- Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
Trigeminal neuralgia was defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as a sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. Standard treatment is w
