Showing 5521-5540 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2016
Ocular herpes is a viral infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), a double-stranded DNA virus. Corneal scarring caused by herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the leading infectious cause of penetrating corneal graft in high-income coun
- Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2016
Apnoea is a breathing disorder marked by the absence of airflow at the nose or mouth. In children, risk factors include adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, neuromuscular disorders and craniofacial anomalies. The most common treatment for obstructive slee
- Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH) is a syndrome characterised by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep that are usually terminated by an arousal. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the pri
- Oral aspirin for treating venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2016
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) or varicose ulcers are the final stage of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and are the most common type of leg ulcer. The development of VLUs on ankles and lower legs can occur spontaneously or after minor trauma. The ulcers ar
- Oral Astragalus (Huang qi) for preventing frequent episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2016
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are common in children and can involve both upper and lower airways. Many children experience frequent ARTI episodes or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in early life, which creates challenges for p
- Oral beta‐blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
Antihypertensives, such as beta-blockers, are used for pregnancy hypertension in the belief these will improve outcome for mother and baby.
- Oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Some women who have threatened to give birth prematurely, subsequently settle. They may then take oral tocolytic maintenance therapy to prevent preterm birth and to prolong gestation.
- Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2015
Corticosteroids are first-line therapy for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Although corticosteroids may improve symptoms, they have significant adverse effects. Steroids which act topically, with less systemic side-effects may be more desira
- Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-May-2017
Poor nutrition occurs frequently in people with cystic fibrosis and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Oral calorie supplements are used to increase total daily calorie intake and improve weight gain. However, they are expensive and there are conc
- Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2018
Pneumonia occurring in residents of long-term care facilities and nursing homes can be termed 'nursing home-acquired pneumonia' (NHAP). NHAP is the leading cause of mortality among residents. NHAP may be caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal flora into th
- Oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual cramps) is common. Combined OCPs are recommended in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea.
- Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2017
Among subfertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), hormone pills given before ovarian stimulation may improve outcomes.
- Oral contraceptives containing drospirenone for premenstrual syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome. Combined oral contraceptives, which provide both progestin and estrogen, have been examined for their ability to relieve pre
- Oral contraceptives for functional ovarian cysts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2014
Functional ovarian cysts are a common gynecological problem among women of reproductive age worldwide. When large, persistent, or painful, these cysts may require operations, sometimes resulting in removal of the ovary. Since early oral contraceptives wer
- Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2018
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition which affects many women of reproductive age worldwide and is a major cause of pain and infertility. The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) is widely used to treat pain occurring as a result of endom
- Oral corticosteroids for bronchiectasis (stable and acute exacerbations)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. Two small studies have shown small benefits from inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids may be of benefit in bronchiectasis
- Oral corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic lung disorder, usually related to cigarette smoking, representing a major and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined "as a disease state characterized by airflow limitati
- Oral deferiprone for iron chelation in people with thalassaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2013
Thalassaemia major is a genetic disease characterised by a reduced ability to produce haemoglobin. Management of the resulting anaemia is through red blood cell transfusions.
- Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2016
Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common condition, can be associated with brain injury. It is frequently managed by providing infants with an alternative source of glucose, given enterally with formula or intravenously with dextrose solution. This often requires
- Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at‐risk neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-May-2021
Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a common condition that can be associated with brain injury. Current practice usually includes early identification of at-risk infants (e.g. infants of diabetic mothers; preterm, small- or large-for-gestational-age infants), and
