Showing 541-560 of 723 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Musculoskeletal 
- Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Fall-related injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Summary information about countermeasures that successfully address the risk factors for fall-related injuries in research settings has been widely disseminated
- Positioning and spinal bracing for pain relief in metastatic spinal cord compression in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2015
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on patient positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for pain relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic spinal cord compression.
- Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Because of the association of prone positioning with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) it is recommended that young infants be placed on their backs (supine). However, the prone position may be a non-invasive way of increasing oxygenation in participant
- Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to
- Post‐operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthroplasty with implants, which is the replacement of painful knuckle joints with artificial knuckle joints, has been performed for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1960s. The surgery is done because RA can cause
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease causing fibrosis and commonly affects the skin and internal organs such as the GI tract, lungs, kidney and heart. Most people with scleroderma also have raynaud's phenomenon (RP). One of the possible treatment op
- Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2019
This review updates part of an earlier Cochrane Review titled "Pregabalin for acute and chronic pain in adults", and considers only neuropathic pain (pain from damage to nervous tissue). Antiepileptic drugs have long been used in pain management. Pregabal
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006.
- Pressurised metered dose inhalers versus all other hand‐held inhaler devices to deliver beta‐2 agonist bronchodilators for non‐acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
A number of different inhaler devices are available to deliver beta2-agonist bronchodilators in asthma. These include hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) or chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free propelled pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder devices.
- Prevention of NSAID‐induced gastroduodenal ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important agents in the management of arthritic and inflammatory conditions, and are among the most frequently prescribed medications in North America and Europe. However, there is overwhelming evidence l
- Processed versus fresh frozen bone for impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Impaction grafting is a technique to restore bone loss both in the femur and the acetabulum during revision hip arthroplasty surgery. Initially impaction grafting was undertaken using fresh frozen femoral head allografts that were milled to create morseli
- Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Muscle weakness in old age is associated with physical function decline. Progressive resistance strength training (PRT) exercises are designed to increase strength.
- Prolotherapy injections for chronic low‐back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.
- Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2017
The immune response to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can lead to a series of postoperative morbidities and mortality i.e. hemodynamic instability, increased infection and arrhythmias. The systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) tha
- Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2018
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in the general population. Although numerous treatments have been adopted for patients at different disease stages, no option other tha
- Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Different pharmacological approaches aimed at opioid detoxification are effective. Nevertheless a majority of patients relapse to heroin use, and relapses are a substantial problem in the rehabilitation of heroin users. Some studies have suggested that th
- Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of opioid dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Maintenance treatments are effective in retaining patients in treatment and suppressing heroin use. Questions remain regarding the efficacy of additional psychosocial services.
- Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2015
Psychosocial factors have a role in the onset of chronic orofacial pain. However, current management involves invasive therapies like occlusal adjustments and splints which lack an evidence base.
