Showing 5621-5640 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2013
When orthodontic treatment is provided with fixed appliances, it is sometimes necessary to move the upper molar teeth backwards (distalise) to create space or help to overcome anchorage requirements. This can be achieved with the use of extraoral or intra
- Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Dec-2021
A posterior crossbite occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. The prevalence of posterior crossbite is around 4% and 17% of children and adolescents in Europe and America, respectively. Several treatments have been recommended to
- Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2013
Prominent lower front teeth (termed reverse bite; under bite; Class III malocclusion) may be due to a combination of the jaw or tooth positions or both. The upper jaw (maxilla) can be too far back or the lower jaw (mandible) too far forward, or both. Prom
- Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2018
Prominent upper front teeth are a common problem affecting about a quarter of 12-year-old children in the UK. The condition develops when permanent teeth erupt. These teeth are more likely to be injured and their appearance can cause significant distress.
- Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2016
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) relate to discomfort of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The disorder is multifactorial with a degree of psychogenic influence varying throughout an individual's life with phases of symptoms affecting the quality of lif
- Orthotic devices after stroke and other non-progressive brain lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2009
Post-stroke motor impairments cause difficulty controlling the joints of the affected limbs to produce useful movements. One way to manage this to use an orthosis to control the movement of the affected joints but evidence for their benefit is lacking.
- Orthotic devices for the treatment of tennis elbow
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is a frequently reported condition. A wide variety of treatment strategies has been described. As of yet, no optimal strategy has been identified.
- Orthotic devices for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a frequently reported condition in active adults. A wide variety of conservative treatment strategies have been described. As yet, no optimal strategy has been identified. Application of orthotic devices e.g. knee braces, k
- Oscillating devices for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2020
Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with cystic fibrosis. Oscillating devices generate intra- or extra-thoracic oscillations orally or external to the chest wall. Internally they create variable
- Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Aug-2016
Constipation within childhood is an extremely common problem. Despite the widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives by health professionals to manage constipation in children, there has been a long standing paucity of high quality evidence to supp
- Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2018
Every day children and adults die from acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis, particularly in low-income countries, and survivors risk deafness, epilepsy and neurological disabilities. Osmotic therapies may attract extra-vascular fluid and reduce
- Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2014
Patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee can be treated with an osteotomy. The goal of an osteotomy is to unload the diseased compartment of the knee. This is the second update of the original review published in The Cochrane Library, Iss
- Osteotomy, compression and other modifications of surgical techniques for internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Many different surgical techniques have been described for the internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures.
- Outcome measures and needs assessment tools for schizophrenia and related disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
There has been a recent trend to encourage routine outcome measurement and needs assessment as an aid to decision making in clinical practice and patient care. Standardised instruments have been developed which measure clinical symptoms of disorders such
- Outpatient treatment for people with cancer who develop a low‐risk febrile neutropaenic event
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2019
People with febrile neutropaenia are usually treated in a hospital setting. Recently, treatment with oral antibiotics has been proven to be as effective as intravenous therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment have not been fully e
- Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2019
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular condition, with an incidence of 23 to 69 new cases per 100,000 people each year. For selected low-risk patients with acute PE, outpatient treatment might provide several advantages over t
- Ovarian ablation for early breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2008
Among women with early breast cancer, the effects of ovarian ablation on recurrence and death have been assessed by several randomised trials that now have long follow-up.
- Ovarian cyst aspiration prior to in vitro fertilization treatment for subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2017
Ten per cent to 15% of couples have difficulty in conceiving. A proportion of these couples will ultimately require assisted reproduction. Prior to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) a baseline ultrasound is performed to detect the presence of ovar
- Ovarian suppression for adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor‐positive early breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2020
Approximately 80% of breast cancers amongst premenopausal women are hormone receptor-positive. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is an integral component of care for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and in premenopausal women includes oestrogen receptor b
- Ovarian surgery for symptom relief in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2017
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition, affecting approximately one in 10 women. PCOS is defined by two of three features: oligo- or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism or both, or polycystic ovaries.
