Showing 5621-5640 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: resin composite
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2014
Composite filling materials have been increasingly used for the restoration of posterior teeth in recent years as a tooth-coloured alternative to amalgam. As with any filling material composites have a finite life-span. Traditionally, replacement was the
- Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2022
Elevated blood pressure, or hypertension, is the leading cause of preventable deaths globally. Diets high in sodium (predominantly sodium chloride) and low in potassium contribute to elevated blood pressure. The WHO recommends decreasing mean population s
- Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2015
A pressure ulcer (PU), also referred to as a 'pressure injury', 'pressure sore', or 'bedsore' is defined as an area of localised tissue damage that is caused by unrelieved pressure, friction or shearing forces on any part of the body. PUs commonly occur i
- Repositioning for treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2014
Pressure, from lying or sitting on a particular part of the body results in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply, impaired drainage of waste products and damage to cells. If a patient with an existing pressure ulcer continues to lie or bear weight on the af
- Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Despite the increased use of antenatal steroids and surfactant replacement therapy, pulmonary disease, principally due to the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. In addition to immatur
- Rescue high-frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2015
Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants despite increased use of antenatal steroids and surfactant therapy. Ventilator injury and oxygen toxicity are thought to be important factors in the pa
- Resection versus no intervention or other surgical interventions for colorectal cancer liver metastases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2011
Up to 50% of patients with colorectal cancer develop metastases of which half are isolated to the liver and 10% to 25% are eligible for resection. If all disease is removed these patients have a 30% to 50% chance of survival at five years. Treatment optio
- Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2014
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer. Resection of the cancer is the only treatment with the potential to achieve long-term survival. However, a third of patients with pancreatic cancer have locally advanced cancer involving adjacent structures such
- Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jul-2014
Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain that leads to reduced physical function. Exercise training is commonly recommended as a treatment for management of symptoms. We examined the literature on resistance training for individuals with f
- Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2008
Rigid internal fixation of the jaw bones is a routine procedure for the management of facial fractures. Titanium plates and screws are routinely used for this purpose. The limitations of this system has led to the development of plates manufactured from b
- Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2008
Recognition of some of the limitations of titanium plates and screws used for the fixation of bones has led to the development of plates manufactured from bioresorbable materials. Whilst resorbable plates appear to offer clinical advantages over metal pla
- Respiratory function monitoring to reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn infants receiving resuscitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2010
A respiratory function monitor is routinely used in neonatal intensive care units to continuously measure and display airway pressures, tidal volume and leak during ventilation. During positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room, clinical signs are
- Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2014
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) severely comprises respiratory function due to paralysis and impairment of the respiratory muscles. Various types of respiratory muscle training (RMT) to improve respiratory function for people with cervical SCI have been
- Respite care for people with dementia and their carers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2014
Caring for someone with dementia can be emotionally and physically demanding. Respite care is any intervention designed to give rest or relief to caregivers. It is not clear what positive and negative effects such care may have on them, or on people with
- Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2015
Feeding preterm infants in response to their hunger and satiation cues (responsive, cue-based, or infant-led feeding) rather than at scheduled intervals might enhance infants' and parents' experience and satisfaction, help in the establishment of independ
- Rest during pregnancy for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications in women with normal blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2010
Women at risk of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension are sometimes advised to rest. Whether this, overall, does more good than harm is unclear.
- Restorative justice conferencing for reducing recidivism in young offenders (aged 7 to 21)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2013
Restorative justice is "a process whereby parties with a stake in a specific offence resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future" (Marshall 2003). Despite the increasing use of restorative justice
- Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
While the use of supplemental oxygen has a long history in neonatal care, resulting in both significant health care benefits and harms, uncertainty remains as to the most appropriate range to target blood oxygen levels in preterm and low birth weight infa
- Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2014
Most premature infants are physiologically not sufficiently mature to orally ingest all of their required water and nutrients. Therefore, premature infants rely on their caregivers to regulate their volume of water intake. Thus, the caregiver must determi
- Restricting or banning alcohol advertising to reduce alcohol consumption in adults and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2014
Alcohol is estimated to be the fifth leading risk factor for global disability-adjusted life years. Restricting or banning alcohol advertising may reduce exposure to the risk posed by alcohol at the individual and general population level. To date, no sys
