Showing 5621-5640 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Optimal time for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected, treatment-naive children aged 2 to 5 years old
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2013
The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) comprising three antiretroviral medications from at least two classes of drugs is the current standard treatment for HIV infection in adults and children. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guideli
- Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment‐naive adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
According to consensus, initiation of therapy is best based on CD4 cell count, a marker of immune status, rather than on viral load, a marker of virologic replication. For patients with advanced symptoms, treatment should be started regardless of CD4 coun
- Optimal timing for intravascular administration set replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2013
The tubing (administration set) attached to both venous and arterial catheters may contribute to bacteraemia and other infections. The rate of infection may be increased or decreased by routine replacement of administration sets. This review was originall
- Optimisation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children under 3 years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2014
In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), over 50% of HIV-infected infants progress to AIDS and death by 2 years of age. However, there are challenges to initiation of ART in early life, including the possibility of drug resistance in the context of
- Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression‐free survival: individual participant data analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2017
Efficacy and the risk of severe late effects have to be well-balanced in treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Late adverse effects include secondary malignancies which often have a poor prognosis. To synthesise evidence on the risk of secondary malignancie
- Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2013
The optimal duration for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is controversial, with recommendations ranging from 7 to 14 days. Several systematic reviews have attempted to address this issue but have given conflicting results and limited t
- Options for self‐management education for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
Asthma education and self-management are key recommendations of asthma management guidelines because they improve health outcomes. There are several different modalities for the delivery of asthma self-management education.
- Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2020
Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. It was previously found that 5-ASA drugs in doses of at least 2 g/day were more effective than p
- Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2016
The prevention of relapse is a major issue in the management of Crohn's disease. Corticosteroids, the mainstay of treatment of acute exacerbations, are not effective for maintenance of remission and its chronic use is limited by numerous adverse events. R
- Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2020
Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; also known as mesalazine or mesalamine) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. In an earlier version of this review, we found that 5-AS
- Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2019
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are locally acting, anti-inflammatory compounds that reduce inflammation of the colonic mucosa with release profil
- Oral adsorbents for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2014
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem which is at high increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal failure. Deterioration of kidney function causes an increase in circulating toxins, which, in turn promotes the pro
- Oral analgesia for relieving post‐caesarean pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2015
Oral analgesia is a convenient and widely used form of pain relief following caesarean section. It includes various medications used at different doses alone or in adjunction to other form of analgesia.
- Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2018
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in the world and develops through preliminary stages of endometrial hyperplasia. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia suggests a significant pre-malignant state with frank progression to endomet
- Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2018
Clinical egg allergy is a common food allergy. Current management relies upon strict allergen avoidance. Oral immunotherapy might be an optional treatment, through desensitization to egg allergen.
- Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2021
Posterior blepharitis is common and causes ocular surface and lid damage as well as discomfort. It affects 37% to 47% of all ophthalmology patients; its incidence increasing with age. It is a multifactorial disease associated with multiple other pathologi
- Oral antibiotics versus parenteral antibiotics for severe pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in developing countries. When hospitalisation is required, the usual practice includes administering parenteral antibiotics if a
- Oral anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation and no previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi from the left atrial appendage.
- Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi originating in the left atrial appendage. Both oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents have proven effective for stroke preve
- Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2021
Oral anticoagulants may improve the survival of people with cancer through an antithrombotic effect, yet increase the risk of bleeding.
