Showing 561-580 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Treatments for symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2010
Urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, are serious complications that may lead to significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a large number of drugs, and combination of them, available to treat urinary tract infection
- Treatments for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic disease and usually causes no symptoms. However, infection of pregnant women may cause congenital infection, resulting potentially in mental retardation and blindness in the infant.
- Triphasic versus monophasic oral contraceptives for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2011
Side effects of oral contraceptive (OC) pills discourage adherence to and continuation of OC regimens. Strategies to decrease adverse effects led to the introduction of the triphasic OC in the 1980s. Whether triphasic OCs have higher accidental pregnancy
- Types of progestogens in combined oral contraception: effectiveness and side-effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2011
The progestogen component of combined oral contraceptives (COC) has undergone changes since it was first recognised that it's chemical structure could influence the spectrum of minor adverse and beneficial effects. The major determinants of effectiveness
- Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2015
Diagnostic ultrasound is a sophisticated electronic technology, which utilises pulses of high-frequency sound to produce an image. Diagnostic ultrasound examination may be employed in a variety of specific circumstances during pregnancy such as after clin
- Ultrasound versus 'clinical touch' for catheter guidance during embryo transfer in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2016
Many women undergoing an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle will not achieve a live birth. Failure at the embryo transfer stage may be due to lack of good-quality embryo/s, lack of uterine receptivity, or the transfer technique itself. Numerous
- Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
If a retained placenta is left untreated, there is a high risk of maternal death. However, manual removal of the placenta is an invasive procedure with serious complications of haemorrhage, infection or genital tract trauma.
- Umbilical vein injection for the routine management of third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2012
Postpartum haemorrhage is among the biggest contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. Prevention of this condition includes routine use of uterotonic in the third stage of labour, which has been recommended throughout the world. Use of umbilical route
- Use of hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2013
Bupivacaine is an amide local anaesthetic used in hyperbaric and isobaric forms. These are administered intrathecally into the spine to provide regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. Several trials have compared hyperbaric and isobaric bupivacaine bu
- Uterine muscle relaxant drugs for threatened miscarriage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2009
Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable. Uterine muscle relaxant drugs have been used for women at risk of miscarriage in the belief they relax uterine muscle, and hence reduce the risk of miscarriage.
- Utero-placental Doppler ultrasound for improving pregnancy outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2010
Impaired placentation can cause some of the most important obstetrical complications such as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction and has been linked to increased fetal morbidity and mortality. The failure to undergo physiological trophoblast
- Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2015
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It occurs in newborn infants born to mothers who do not have sufficient circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Pre
- Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2014
The incidence of chorioamnionitis occurs in between eight and 12 women for every 1000 live births and 96% of cases of chorioamnionitis are due to ascending infection. Following spontaneous vaginal delivery, 1% to 4% of women develop postpartum endometriti
- Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2014
Although early-onset group B ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection is rare, it accounts for approximately 30% of neonatal infections, has a high mortality rate, and is acquired through vertical transmission from colonized mothers. Several trials have
- Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2012
Misoprostol (Cytotec, Searle) is a prostaglandin E1 analogue widely used for off-label indications such as induction of abortion and of labour. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised meth
- Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2014
Cesarean delivery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by obstetricians. Infectious morbidity after cesarean delivery can have a tremendous impact on the postpartum woman's return to normal function and her ability to care for her baby.
- Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2014
Prostaglandins have been used for induction of labour since the 1960s. This is one of a series of reviews evaluating methods of induction of labour. This review focuses on prostaglandins given per vaginam, evaluating these in comparison with placebo (or e
- Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
Since 1978, when Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards achieved the birth of the first test tube baby, assisted reproductive techniques have been refined and improved. However, the rate of successful pregnancies brought to term has barely increased. Therefor
- Vibroacoustic stimulation for fetal assessment in labour in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate trace
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2012
Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) is a simple, non-invasive technique where a device is placed on the maternal abdomen over the region of the fetal head and sound is emitted at a predetermined level for several seconds. It is hypothesised that the res
- Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Mar-2016
The World Health Organization recommends routine vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy or lactation in areas with endemic vitamin A deficiency (where night blindness occurs), based on the expectation that supplementation will improve maternal and new
