Showing 5961-5980 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Pharmacological interventions for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2017
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is associated with both hepatobiliary and colorectal malignancies, which can result in liver cirrhosis and its complications. The optimal pharmacological treatment for patients wit
- Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Tobacco smoking in pregnancy causes serious health problems for the developing fetus and mother. When used by non-pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline) are effective for increasing smoking ces
- Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Nov-2016
This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in 2013 (Issue 6). Pruritus occurs in patients with disparate underlying diseases and is caused by different pathologic mechanisms. In palliative care patients, pruritus is not the most prevalent
- Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or investigation and alt
- Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2017
Between 4% and 25% of school-aged children at some stage complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with their daily lives. When no clear organic cause is found, the children are managed with reassurance and simple meas
- Pharmacological interventions for self‐harm in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2021
Self-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury regardless of degree of suicidal intent or other types of motivation) is a growing problem in most countries, often repeated, and associated with suicide. Evidence assessing the effectiveness of pha
- Pharmacological interventions for self‐harm in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2015
Self-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for deliberate SH, first published in
- Pharmacological interventions for self-injurious behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Self-injurious behaviour among people with intellectual disability is relatively common and often persistent. Self-injurious behaviour continues to present a challenge to clinicians. It remains poorly understood and difficult to ameliorate despite advance
- Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2014
Shift work results in sleep-wake disturbances, which cause sleepiness during night shifts and reduce sleep length and quality in daytime sleep after the night shift. In its serious form it is also called shift work sleep disorder. Various pharmacological
- Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. Some medications have been proven to help people to quit, with three licensed for this purpose in Europe and the USA: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and var
- Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Oct-2014
Somatoform disorders are characterised by chronic, medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). Although different medications are part of treatment routines for people with somatoform disorders in clinics and private practices, there exists no systema
- Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Spasticity is a major health problem for patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI). It limits their mobility and affects their independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and work. Spasticity may also cause pain, loss of range of motion, contractures,
- Pharmacological interventions for the acute management of hyperkalaemia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2015
Hyperkalaemia is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias and death. Renal replacement therapy is known to be effective in treating hyperkalaemia, but safe and effective pharmacological interventions are
- Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2019
Pain following brain surgery can compromise recovery. Several pharmacological interventions have been used to prevent pain after craniotomy; however, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding which interventions are most effective.
- Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of allergic and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
Allergic and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs) are the two most common forms of transfusion reaction. Pretransfusion medication with anti-inflammatory drugs is used in NHTR prevention, however its efficacy and safety remains unclear.
- Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of insufficiency fractures and avascular necrosis associated with pelvic radiotherapy in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2018
Pelvic radiotherapy is a treatment delivered to an estimated 150,000 to 300,000 people annually across high-income countries. Fractures due to normal stresses on weakened bone due to radiotherapy are termed insufficiency fractures. Pelvic radiotherapy-rel
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2011
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterised by inflammation of the airways and destruction of pulmonary tissue with post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC of <0.70 (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity). Evidence indicates
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2019
Although delirium is typically an acute reversible cognitive impairment, its presence is associated with devastating impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes for critically ill patients. Advances in our understanding of the negative impact of deli
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2018
Studies report that up to 80% of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may struggle with symptoms of depression. However, this major comorbidity in COPD is rarely managed effectively. A number of recent studies indicate that left u
- Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2015
Sexual offending is a serious social problem, a public health issue, and a major challenge for social policy. Victim surveys indicate high incidence and prevalence levels and it is accepted that there is a high proportion of hidden sexual victimisation. S
