Showing 41-60 of 723 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Musculoskeletal 
- Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
There is increasing evidence that physical activity supports healthy ageing. Exercise is helpful for cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, among others. Aerobic activity, in particular, improves cardiovascular fitness and, based on rece
- Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2011
Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Alendronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs, which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts.
- Aminosteroids for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2010
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of premature death and disability. Post-traumatic membrane lipid peroxidation has been proposed as one mechanism leading to secondary brain damage following head injury. Aminosteroids have been shown to inhibit li
- Anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2008
Alcohol is one of the most common causes of liver disease in the Western World. Randomised clinical trials have examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease.
- Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2016
The majority of people with hip fracture are treated surgically, requiring anaesthesia.
- Analgesia and non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis of the hip
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used as a pharmacologic treatment to relieve pain for patients with OA of the hip. However, these agents are associated with significant toxicity, particularly in the elderly population (age
- Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2010
For decades, the indication of analgesia in patients with Acute Abdominal Pain (AAP) has been deferred until the definitive diagnosis has been made, for fear of masking symptoms, generating a change in the physical exploration or obstructing the diagnosis
- Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2013
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a serious complication of preterm birth and the primary cause of early neonatal mortality and disability.
- Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2009
Anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) is an operation traditionally used for moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence in women. About a third of adult women experience urinary incontinence.
- Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2014
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the fermentation of food sugars by bacteria from the biofilm (dental plaque) leads to localised demineralisation of tooth surfaces, which may ultimately result in cavity formation. Resin composites are wi
- Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2013
Chronic osteomyelitis is generally treated with antibiotics and surgical debridement but can persist intermittently for years with frequent therapeutic failure or relapse. Despite advances in both antibiotic and surgical treatment, the long-term recurrenc
- Antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2013
Osteomyelitis (both acute and chronic) is one of the most common infectious complications in people with sickle cell disease. There is no standardized approach to antibiotic therapy and treatment is likely to vary from country to country. Thus, there is a
- Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2013
The most frequent indications for tooth extractions are dental caries and periodontal infections, and these extractions are generally done by general dental practitioners. Antibiotics may be prescribed to patients undergoing extractions to prevent complic
- Anticoagulants versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or placebo for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the term given to any thromboembolic event (blocking of a blood vessel by a blood clot) occurring in the venous system. The current treatment recommended for VTE is anticoagulation (reduction of the blood's ability to clot)
- Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2009
Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of pain since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic neuropathic pain, especially when the pain is lancinating or burning. Readers are referred to reviews of carbamazepi
- Antidepressants for neuropathic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2014
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2005 of The Cochrane Library
. For many years antidepressant drugs have been used to manage neuropathic pain, and are often the first choice treatment. It is not clear, howev
- Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2010
Antidepressants are commonly used in the management of low-back pain. However, their use is controversial.
- Antidepressants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Pain management is a high priority for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antidepressants are sometimes used as adjuvant agents to enhance pain relief, help with sleep and reduce depression. Such antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TC
- Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is an important cause of ill health in women. Medical therapy, with the avoidance of possibly unnecessary surgery, is an attractive treatment option. A wide variety of medications are available to reduce heavy menstrual blee
- Anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics for managing symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis-related arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2016
Arthritis remains a relatively infrequent complication of cystic fibrosis, but is a cause of significant morbidity when it does occur. Two distinct types of arthritis are described in cystic fibrosis: cystic fibrosis-related arthropathy (CFA) and hypertro
