Showing 41-60 of 280 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Trauma and injuries 
- Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a cause of morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, and rheumatologic disorders. Corticosteroid treatment causes bone loss by a variety of complex mechanisms. It has been shown that bone m
- Calcium channel blockers for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Acute traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists) have been used in an attempt to prevent cerebral vasospasm after injury, maintain blood flow to the brain, and so prevent further damage.
- Calcium channel blockers for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2018
Schizophrenia and related disorders affect a sizable proportion of any population. Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment for these disorders. Antipsychotic medications are associated with a variety of adverse effects including tardive dyskin
- Cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
Selective type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonists may assist with smoking cessation by restoring the balance of the endocannabinoid system, which can be disrupted by prolonged use of nicotine. They also seek to address many smokers' reluctance to pe
- Catheter policies for management of long term voiding problems in adults with neurogenic bladder disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2013
Management of the neurogenic bladder has the primary objectives of maintaining continence, ensuring low bladder pressure (to avoid renal damage) and avoiding or minimising infection. Options include intermittent urethral catheterisation, indwelling urethr
- Central action beta‐blockers versus placebo for neuroleptic‐induced acute akathisia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Neuroleptic-induced akathisia is a common, distressing early-onset adverse effect of neuroleptic drugs. It has been associated with poor treatment compliance and an increased risk of relapse.
- Cephalomedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in older adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2022
Hip fractures are a major healthcare problem, presenting a substantial challenge and burden to patients, healthcare systems and society. The increased proportion of older adults in the world population means that the absolute number of hip fractures is ri
- Cholinergic medication for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2018
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains a troublesome adverse effect of conventional antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication. It has been proposed that TD could have a component of central cholinergic deficiency. Cholinergic drugs have been used to treat TD.
- Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem. Displaced fractures are usually reduced using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation. The resulting position is then stabilised, typical
- Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Closed suction drainage systems are frequently used to drain fluids, particularly blood, from surgical wounds. The aim of these systems is to reduce the occurrence of wound haematomas and infection.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
In national surveys, between 10% and 34% of women have reported being physically assaulted by an intimate male partner. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or programmes including elements of CBT are frequently used treatments for physically abusive men.
- Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Despite differences in how it is defined, there is a general consensus amongst clinicians and researchers that the sexual abuse of children and adolescents ('child sexual abuse') is a substantial social problem worldwide. The effects of sexual abuse manif
- Community mental health teams (CMHTs) for people with severe mental illnesses and disordered personality
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Closure of asylums and institutions for the mentally ill, coupled with government policies focusing on reducing the number of hospital beds for people with severe mental illness in favour of providing care in a variety of non-hospital settings, underpins
- Community-based interventions for the prevention of burns and scalds in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Burns and scalds are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Successful counter-measures to prevent burn and scald-related injury have been identified. However, evidence indicating the successful roll-out of these counter-measures into
- Condylocephalic nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-1998
Two types of implants used for the surgical fixation of extracapsular hip fractures are condylocephalic nails (intramedullary nails that are inserted up through the femoral canal from above the knee and across the fracture) and extramedullary implants.
- Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem particularly in elderly white women with osteoporosis.
- Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2016
Clavicle (collarbone) fractures account for around 4% of all fractures. Most (76%) clavicle fractures involve the middle-third section of the clavicle. Treatment of these fractures is usually non-surgical (conservative). Commonly used treatments are arm s
- Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2019
Acute anterior shoulder dislocation, which is the most common type of dislocation, usually results from an injury. Subsequently, the shoulder is less stable and is more susceptible to re-dislocation or recurrent instability (e.g. subluxation), especially
- Conservative treatment for closed fifth (small finger) metacarpal neck fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Subcapital fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone, meaning fractures just below the knuckle of the little finger, account for approximately 20% of all hand fractures. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the optimal management of these fractures. T
- Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2008
Until operative treatment involving the use of various implants was introduced in the 1950s, hip fractures were managed using conservative methods based on traction and bed rest.
