Showing 41-60 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Acamprosate for alcohol dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2010
Alcohol dependence is among the main leading health risk factors in most developed and developing countries. Therapeutic success of psychosocial programs for relapse prevention is moderate, but could potentially be increased by an adjuvant treatment with
- Acanthopanax for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Acute ischaemic stroke is a common cause of death and disability. A number of studies published in China have shown that acanthopanax is beneficial for acute ischaemic stroke.
- Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2014
Following cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, loss of accommodation or postoperative presbyopia occurs and remains a challenge. Standard monofocal IOLs correct only distance vision; patients require spectacles for near vision. Accomm
- Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2014
Routine use of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. Following this action, there was a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, contain
- Acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the common cold in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jul-2013
Acetaminophen is frequently prescribed for treating patients with the common cold, but there is little evidence as to whether it is effective.
- Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. Published guidelines and expert opinion are divided over the relative role of acetaminophen (also called paracetamol or Tylenol) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as first-line pha
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2014
In myasthenia gravis, antibody-mediated blockade of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction abolishes the naturally occurring ‘safety factor’ of synaptic transmission. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors provide temporary symptomatic treatment o
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Antipsychotic medication remains the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and has been in use for a long time. As evidenced by ongoing research and partial effectiveness of the antipsychotics on cognitive and negative symptoms, the search is on for dru
- Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho‐pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine are the most commonly prescribed mucolytic drugs in Brazil and many European and African countries. To our knowledge, no systematic review has been published on their efficacy and safety for acute upper and lower respirato
- Acetyl‐l‐carnitine for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Dementia is a common mental health problem affecting 5% of those over 65. Various pathological processes are linked to memory impairment in dementia, particularly those affecting the cholinergic neurotransmitter system. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) is derived
- Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2019
Hepatic encephalopathy is a common and devastating neuropsychiatric complication of acute liver failure or chronic liver disease. Ammonia content in the blood seems to play a role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment for hepatic encepha
- Acetyl‐L‐carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2019
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and severe complication that affects 50% of people with diabetes. Painful DPN is reported to occur in 16% to 24% of people with diabetes. A complete and comprehensive management strategy for the prevention
- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2019
Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness affecting an estimated 21 million people worldwide and there is increasing evidence linking inflammation in the brain to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs are the conventional treat
- Acid reflux treatment for hoarseness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2015
Acid reflux is a common problem, and is thought to occur in 4% to 10% of patients presenting to ENT clinics. A recent study of reflux and voice disorders suggests that up to 55% of patients with hoarseness (dysphonia) have laryngopharyngeal reflux. Anti-r
- Aclidinium bromide for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Sep-2014
Bronchodilators are the mainstay for symptom relief in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aclidinium bromide is a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that differs from tiotropium by its higher selectivity for M
- Action observation for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Oct-2018
Action observation (AO) is a physical rehabilitation approach that facilitates the occurrence of neural plasticity through the activation of the mirror-neural system, promoting motor recovery in people with stroke.
- Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2016
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major driver of decline in health status and impose high costs on healthcare systems. Action plans offer a form of self-management that can be delivered in the outpatient setting to help
- Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2016
Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a phenomenon that can occur as a result of the suppression of the central mechanisms of temperature regulation due to anaesthesia, and of prolonged exposure of large surfaces of skin to cold temperatures in operati
- Active case finding in contacts of people with tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2011
Tuberculosis is a major global health challenge that is caused by a bacteria which is spread by airborne droplets. Mostly patients are identified in high-burden countries when they visit health care facilities ('passive case finding'). Contacts of tubercu
- Active chest compression‐decompression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2013
Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACDR CPR) uses a hand-held suction device, applied mid-sternum, to compress the chest then actively decompress the chest after each compression. Randomised controlled trials testing this devi
