Showing 601-620 of 753 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results.
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2022
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common reason for emergency hospital admission. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid production and are used to manage upper GI bleeding. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the clinical
- Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2011
Different pharmacological approaches aimed at opioid detoxification are effective. Nevertheless a majority of patients relapse to heroin use, and relapses are a substantial problem in the rehabilitation of heroin users. Some studies have suggested that th
- Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of opioid dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Sep-2011
Maintenance treatments are effective in retaining patients in treatment and suppressing heroin use. Questions remain regarding the efficacy of additional psychosocial services.
- Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other interventions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2015
Illicit drug use in pregnancy is a complex social and public health problem. The consequences of drug use in pregnancy are high for both the woman and her child. Therefore, it is important to develop and evaluate effective treatments. There is evidence fo
- Psychosocial treatment for opiate abuse and dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2014
Substance dependence is a social and public health problem; therefore it is a priority to develop effective treatments. Previous Cochrane reviews have explored the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for opiate dependence. This current review focuses on the role
- Psychostimulants for depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Depression is common, disabling, costly and under-treated. There are problems in the current first-line drug treatment, antidepressants, for moderate or severe depression. There is a body of research that has evaluated the effect of psychostimulants (PS)
- Psychotropic analgesic nitrous oxide for alcoholic withdrawal states
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Alcoholism is a global problem with 5-10% of the world's population demonstrating alcohol-related diseases. One of the most severe consequences of alcohol dependence is the withdrawal syndrome, for which benzodiazepines are the most popular current treatm
- Quetiapine for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic with, theoretically, a low propensity for movement disorder adverse effects. It is used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses.
- Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2013
In many countries, second-generation ('atypical') antipsychotic drugs have become the first-line drug treatment for people with schizophrenia. It is not clear how the effects of the various second-generation antipsychotic drugs differ.
- Quinolones for uncomplicated acute cystitis in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Uncomplicated acute cystitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in adults. The percentage of women who have at least one episode of acute cystitis is estimated to be between 40% to 50%. Quinolones are recommended for acute cystitis in regions
- Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is licensed for use in patients with haemophilia and inhibitory allo-antibodies and for prophylaxis and treatment of patients with congenital factor VII deficiency. It is also used for off-license indications to prevent bl
- Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Decompression illness (DCI) is due to bubble formation in the blood or tissues following the breathing of compressed gas. Clinically, DCI may range from a trivial illness to loss of consciousness, death or paralysis. Recompression is the universally accep
- Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Perineal pain from a tear and/or surgical cut (episiotomy) is a common problem following vaginal birth. Strategies to reduce perineal trauma and the appropriate repair of any perineal damage sustained are important for avoiding and alleviating pain. Where
- Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2012
Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear.
- Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an inhaled corticosteroid for chronic asthma: serious adverse events
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2013
An increase in serious adverse events with the use of both regular formoterol and regular salmeterol (long-acting beta2-agonists) in chronic asthma has been demonstrated in comparison with placebo in previous Cochrane reviews. This increase was significan
- Regular treatment with long acting beta agonists versus daily regular treatment with short acting beta agonists in adults and children with stable asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2008
Selective beta-adrenergic agonists for use in asthma are: short acting (2 to 6 hours) and long acting (> 12 hours). There has been little controversy about using short acting beta-agonists intermittently, but long acting beta-agonists are used regularly,
- Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2022
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) are at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and need for respiratory support due to lung immaturity. One course of prenatal corticosteroids, administered to women at risk of preterm birth, reduces t
- Retinoids for preventing the progression of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2014
Invasive cervical carcinoma is preceded by a precancerous phase, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), which can be detected on cervical smears and confirmed by colposcopy and biopsy. Moderate and severe cases of intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN2 and
- Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2022
Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Risedronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts. Th
