- Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Intrapartum pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath may result in surfactant administration to the infant lung, with the potential benefit of avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation, ventilator induced lung injury and bronch - Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Preterm infants are at risk of periventricular haemorrhage (PVH). Phenobarbital might prevent ischaemic injury or reduce fluctuations in blood pressure and blood flow in the brain. - Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2019
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2001, and last updated in 2013. This review is one in a series of Cochrane Reviews investigating pair-wise monotherapy comparisons. - Phenytoin for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Antiepileptic drugs have been used in pain management since the 1960s; some have shown efficacy in treating different neuropathic pain conditions. Phenytoin is an established antiepileptic drug that has been used occasionally to treat intractable trigemin - Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2012
Haemorrhoids are variceal dilatations of the anal and perianal venous plexus and often develop secondary to the persistently elevated venous pressure within the haemorrhoidal plexus (Kumar 2005). Phlebotonics are a heterogenous class of drugs consisting o - Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2020
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in which veins are unable to transport blood unidirectionally towards the heart. CVI usually occurs in the lower limbs. It might result in considerable discomfort, with symptoms such as pain, itchiness and - Phonics training for English‐speaking poor readers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2018
The reading skills of 16% of children fall below the mean range for their age, and 5% of children have significant and severe reading problems. Phonics training is one of the most common reading treatments used with poor readers, particularly children. - Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Aug-2018
Phosphate binders are used to reduce positive phosphate balance and to lower serum phosphate levels for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the aim to prevent progression of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). This is an - Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) can be either of unknown aetiology (primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)) or due to a known underlying cause (secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH). Pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction is considered to be an important charac - Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2019
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a group of complex and heterogenous conditions, characterised by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, and which left untreated leads to right-heart failure and death. PH includes World Health Organisation (WHO) Group 1 - Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors for heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2005
In the treatment of chronic heart failure, vasodilating agents, ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers have shown an increase of life expectancy. Another strategy is to increase the inotropic state of the myocardium : phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDIs) act by - Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Erectile dysfunction is a common multi-factorial complication of diabetes mellitus. Numerous strategies have been tried to overcome this diabetic complication. In recent years, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have been introduced in the manage - Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Nov-2018
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland that may cause bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Alpha-blockers (ABs) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are the mainstay of medical treatmen - Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2020
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cough, sputum production or dyspnoea, and a reduction in lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. Apart from smoking cessation, no other treatments that slow lung function decline - Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2021
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in high-income countries. The majority of cases of AMD are of the non-exudative type. Experts have proposed photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as a non-invasive procedure to re - Photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2009
In neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) new vessels grow under the retina distorting vision and leading to scarring. This is exacerbated if the blood vessels leak. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as a way to treat the neovas - Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-May-2014
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign condition of the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is characterised by recurrent papillomatous lesions and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Frequent recurrence and rapid papill - Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) versus laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia correction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Hyperopia, or hypermetropia (also known as long-sightedness or far-sightedness), is the condition where the unaccommodating eye brings parallel light to a focus behind the retina instead of on it. Hyperopia can be corrected with both non-surgical and surg - Phototherapy for atopic eczema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2021
Atopic eczema (AE), also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes significant burden. Phototherapy is sometimes used to treat AE when topical treatments, such as corticosteroids, are insufficient or poorly tolerated - Phototherapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2017
Foot ulcers are a disabling complication of diabetes that affect 15% to 25% of people with diabetes at some time in their lives. Phototherapy is a relatively new, non-invasive, and pain-free treatment method, which promotes the ulcer repair process throug
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