Showing 6241-6260 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2014
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously
- Pramipexole for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
The long-term use of levodopa in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia) and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopami
- Pramipexole versus bromocriptine for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can
- Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease causing fibrosis and commonly affects the skin and internal organs such as the GI tract, lungs, kidney and heart. Most people with scleroderma also have raynaud's phenomenon (RP). One of the possible treatment op
- Pre and peri‐operative erythropoeitin for reducing allogeneic blood transfusions in colorectal cancer surgery.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Patients with colorectal cancer are frequently anaemic and many receive allogeneic red blood cell transfusions peri and post-operatively. Transfusions are accompanied by complications and may increase the rate of recurrence in patients who have a colorect
- Pre‐ and postsurgical medical therapy for endometriosis surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2020
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition affecting 10% to 15% of reproductive-age women and may cause dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea, and infertility. One treatment strategy is combining surgery and medical therapy to reduce the recurrence of endome
- Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2017
Meningococcal disease can lead to death or disability within hours after onset. Pre-admission antibiotics aim to reduce the risk of serious disease and death by preventing delays in starting therapy before confirmation of the diagnosis.
- Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2019
Hyperbilirubinaemia occurs in approximately two-thirds of all newborns during the first days of life and is frequently treated with phototherapy. Although generally seen as safe, there is rising concern regarding phototherapy and its potentially damaging
- Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2013
Prebiotics (commonly oligosaccharides) added to infant feeds have the potential to prevent sensitisation of infants to dietary allergens.
- Preconception and antenatal screening for the fragile site on the X‐chromosome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Fragile X is the most common cause of mental retardation after Down syndrome. It is the commonest inherited cause of mental retardation, and results from a dynamic mutation in a gene on the long arm of the X chromosome. Various strategies are used for pre
- Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2017
Infants born to mothers with pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality and significant morbidity in the short and long term. Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes are at greater ri
- Preconception counselling for women with epilepsy to reduce adverse pregnancy outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2014
The provision of preconception counselling to women with epilepsy (WWE) has become established as recommended practice and includes a review of drug treatment and the provision of information and advice on both seizure and treatment-related risks to both
- Preconception lifestyle advice for people with infertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2021
Infertility is a prevalent problem that has significant consequences for individuals, families, and the community. Modifiable lifestyle factors may affect the chance of people with infertility having a baby. However, no guideline is available about what p
- Preconception risk assessment for thalassaemia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and Tay‐Sachs disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2021
Globally, about 6% of children are born with a serious birth defect of genetic or partially genetic origin. Carrier screening or testing is one way to identify couples at increased risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive condition. The most com
- Pre‐deployment programmes for building resilience in military and frontline emergency service personnel
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2021
Military personnel and frontline emergency workers may be exposed to events that have the potential to precipitate negative mental health outcomes such as depression, symptoms of post-traumatic stress and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Progra
- Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Physiological monitoring studies indicate that some preterm infants experience episodes of oxygen desaturation, apnoea, or bradycardia when seated in standard car safety seats. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all preterm infants should
- Pre‐employment examinations for preventing injury, disease and sick leave in workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2016
Many employers and other stakeholders believe that health examinations of job applicants prevent occupational diseases and sickness absence. This is an update of the original Cochrane review (Mahmud 2010).
- Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2021
Postoperative pain is a common consequence of surgery and can have many negative perioperative effects. It has been suggested that the administration of analgesia before a painful stimulus may improve pain control. We defined pre-emptive nonsteroidal anti
- Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Dec-2018
Postoperative pain is a common consequence of surgery and can have deleterious effects. It has been suggested that the administration of opioid analgesia before a painful stimulus may improve pain control. This can be done in two ways. We defined 'prevent
- Pre‐emptive correction for haemodialysis arteriovenous access stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2016
Guidelines recommend routine arteriovenous (AV) graft and fistula surveillance (technology-based screening) in addition to clinical monitoring (physical examination) for early identification and pre-emptive correction of a stenosis before the access becom
