Showing 6261-6280 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide‐treated nets to prevent malaria in Africa
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2021
Pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been important in the large reductions in malaria cases in Africa, but insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes threatens their impact. Insecticide synergists may help control insecticide-resist
- Piracetam for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Piracetam has neuroprotective and antithrombotic effects that may help to reduce death and disability in people with acute stroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 1999, and previously updated in 2006 and 2009.
- Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jan-2012
Piracetam is a drug that may enhance memory and other intellectual functions, but its usefulness in treating dementia is uncertain. It is, however, commonly prescribed for cognitive impairment and dementia in several countries of continental Europe.
- Piracetam for fetal distress in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Piracetam is thought to promote the metabolism of brain cells when they are hypoxic. It has been used to prevent adverse effects of fetal distress.
- Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2016
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common genetic disorders. Sickle cell crises in which irregular and dehydrated cells contribute to blocking of blood vessels are characterised by episodes of pain. Treatment is mainly supportive and symptomatic. In v
- Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2017
Dental sealants were introduced in the 1960s to help prevent dental caries, mainly in the pits and fissures of occlusal tooth surfaces. Sealants act to prevent bacteria growth that can lead to dental decay. Evidence suggests that fissure sealants are effe
- Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2020
Most of the detected increment in dental caries among children above the age of six years and adolescents is confined to occlusal surfaces of posterior permanent molars. Dental sealants and fluoride varnishes are much used to prevent caries. As the effect
- Pitavastatin for lowering lipids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2020
Pitavastatin is the newest statin on the market, and the dose-related magnitude of effect of pitavastatin on blood lipids is not known.
- Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Placebo interventions are often claimed to substantially improve patient-reported and observer-reported outcomes in many clinical conditions, but most reports on effects of placebos are based on studies that have not randomised patients to placebo or no t
- Placebo response and remission rates in randomised trials of induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2017
It is important to minimize placebo rates in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to efficiently detect treatment differences between interventions. Historically, high placebo rates have been observed in clinical trials of ulcerative colitis (UC). A better
- Placental cord drainage after vaginal delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Cord drainage in the third stage of labour involves unclamping the previously clamped and divided umbilical cord and allowing the blood from the placenta to drain freely into an appropriate receptacle.
- Planned birth at or near term for improving health outcomes for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and their infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2018
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes such as pre-eclampsia or polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid). Their babies are also more like
- Planned birth at or near term for improving health outcomes for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes and their infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2018
Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) have increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Current clinical guidelines support elective birth, at or near term, because of increased perinatal mortality during the third tri
- Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2015
Poor outcomes after breech birth might be the result of underlying conditions causing breech presentation or due to factors associated with the delivery.
- Planned caesarean section for women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal mortality, mainly related to prematurity, but complications during birth may contribute to perinatal loss or morbidity. The option of planned caesarean section to avoid such complications must there
- Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for severe pre‐eclampsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2017
Pre-eclampsia is a very frequent complication of pregnancy, and anticipation of birth is often necessary. However, the best mode of giving birth remains to be established, although observational studies suggest better maternal and perinatal outcomes with
- Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2017
Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is managed expectantly or by planned early birth. It is not clear if waiting for birth to occur spontaneously is better than intervening, e.g. by inducing labour.
- Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks' gestation for improving pregnancy outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2017
Current management of preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) involves either initiating birth soon after PPROM or, alternatively, adopting a 'wait and see' approach (expectant management). It is unclear which strategy is most beneficial for mo
- Planned early delivery versus expectant management for hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks gestation to term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2017
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are significant contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. These disorders include well-controlled chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension (pregnancy-induced hypertension) and mild pre-eclamp
- Planned early delivery versus expectant management for monoamniotic twins
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2015
Monoamniotic twin pregnancies are formed when a single egg is fertilised and the resulting inner cell mass splits to form twins sharing the same amniotic sac. This condition is rare and affects about one in 10,000 pregnancies overall. Monoamniotic twin pr
