Showing 6281-6300 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2016
Fear of dental pain is a major barrier to treatment for children who need dental care. The use of preoperative analgesics has the potential to reduce postoperative discomfort and intraoperative pain. We reviewed the available evidence to determine whether
- Pre‐operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2015
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c
- Pre-operative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Patients with obstructive jaundice have various pathophysiological changes that affect the liver, kidney, heart, and the immune system. There is considerable controversy as to whether temporary relief of biliary obstruction prior to major definitive surge
- Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2020
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premat
- Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2014
Preoperative carbohydrate treatments have been widely adopted as part of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) or fast-track surgery protocols. Although fast-track surgery protocols have been widely investigated and have been shown to be associated with
- Pre-operative chemoradiation for non-metastatic locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2012
This review sets out to assess the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiation when compared to radiotherapy alone before surgery in the treatment of advanced non metastatic rectal surgery.
- Preoperative chemoradiation versus radiation alone for stage II and III resectable rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) decreases local recurrence rate and improves survival in stage II and III rectal cancer patients. The combination of chemotherapy with RT has a sound radiobiological rationale, and phase II trials of combined chemoradiation
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
- Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2013
Heavy menstrual bleeding is one of the most common reasons for referral of premenopausal women to a gynaecologist. Although medical therapy is generally first line, many women eventually will require further treatment. Endometrial ablation by hysteroscopi
- Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2014
Menorrhagia is one of the most common reasons for pre-menopausal women to be referred to a gynaecologist. Although medical therapy is generally the first approach, many women will eventually require or request a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is associated wi
- Preoperative exercise training for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jun-2017
Surgical resection for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) offers the best chance of cure, but is associated with a risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (i.e. pneumonia (new infiltrate coupled with either fever (> 38º C) and purulent s
- Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Fasting before general anaesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents during surgery, thus reducing the risk of regurgitation/aspiration. Recent guidelines have recommended a shift in fasting policy from the standard 'nil by mouth f
- Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Children, like adults, are required to fast before general anaesthesia with the aim of reducing the volume and acidity of their stomach contents. It is thought that fasting reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surger
- Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2021
Hair has traditionally been removed from the surgical site before surgery; however, some studies claim that this increases surgical site infections (SSIs) and should be avoided. This is the second update of a review published in 2006 and first updated in
- Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Sep-2015
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) have an impact on the recovery of adults after surgery. It is therefore important to establish whether preoperative respiratory rehabilitation can decrease the risk of PPCs and to identify adults who might bene
- Pre‐operative intra aortic balloon pumps in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
The intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a mechanical assist device which improves cardiac function. The device has a well-established place in algorithms for managing low cardiac output following cardiac surgery. There is increasing evidence that certain
- Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2017
Uterine fibroids occur in up to 40% of women aged over 35 years. Some are asymptomatic, but up to 50% cause symptoms that warrant therapy. Symptoms include anaemia caused by heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, infertility and low quality
