Showing 6301-6320 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Platelet‐rich‐plasmapheresis for minimising peri‐operative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have generated considerable enthusiasm for the use of technologies intended to reduce the use of allogeneic blood (blood from an unrelated donor). Platelet-rich plasmapheresis (PRP) offers an alternative a
- Platinum versus non‐platinum chemotherapy regimens for small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2015
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very fast growing form of cancer and is characterised by early metastasis. As a result, chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. A number of different platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and non-platinum-based chemoth
- Platinum‐containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2017
Studies have reported high tumour response rates for platinum-containing regimens in the treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Most of these studies were conducted prior to the 'intrinsic subtype' era, and did not specifically focus on metasta
- Platinum‐containing regimens for triple‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2020
In a previous Cochrane Review, we found that for women with metastatic breast cancer unselected for triple-negative disease, there is little or no survival benefit and excess toxicity from platinum-based regimens. In subgroup analyses, however, we found p
- Platinum‐induced hearing loss after treatment for childhood cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2016
Platinum-based therapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin or a combination of these, is used to treat a variety of paediatric malignancies. Unfortunately, one of the most important adverse effects is the occurrence of hearing loss or ototoxici
- Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2013
Approximately half of all patients with metastatic cancer develop a malignant pleural effusion which is likely to lead to a significant reduction in quality of life secondary to symptoms such as dyspnoea and cough. The aim of pleurodesis in these patients
- Plugs for containing faecal incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2015
Faecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with high social stigma. Not all people with faecal incontinence can be cured with conservative or surgical treatment and they may need to rely on containment products, such as anal plugs.
- Pneumatic retinopexy versus scleral buckle for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2021
A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium caused by a full-thickness break associated with vitreous traction. While pneumatic retinopexy (PR), scleral buckle (SB), and vitrecto
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2020
Prior to introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), Streptococcus pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media (AOM). Reducing nasopharyngeal colonisation of this bacterium by PCVs may lead t
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi
- Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs
- Pneumococcal vaccines for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2016
Invasive pneumococcal disease is associated with significant mortality and many countries have introduced routine pneumococcal vaccination into their childhood immunisation programmes. Whilst pneumococcal disease in cystic fibrosis is uncommon, pneumococc
- Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2017
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, as well as acute exacerbations with associated morbidity and healthcare costs.
- Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in
- Point‐of‐care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV‐1 or HIV‐2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2021
The standard method of diagnosing HIV in infants and children less than 18 months is with a nucleic acid amplification test reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test (NAT RT-PCR) detecting viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). Laboratory testing using
- Point‐of‐care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2018
Point-of-care sonography (POCS) has emerged as the screening modality of choice for suspected body trauma in many emergency departments worldwide. Its best known application is FAST (focused abdominal sonography for trauma). The technology is almost ubiqu
- Point‐of‐care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2022
Viral load (VL) testing in people living with HIV (PLHIV) helps to monitor antiretroviral therapy (ART). VL is still largely tested using central laboratory-based platforms, which have long test turnaround times and involve sophisticated equipment. VL tes
- Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Nov-2017
Approximately 600 million children of preschool and school age are anaemic worldwide. It is estimated that at least half of the cases are due to iron deficiency. Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders (MNP) has been proposed as a f
