Showing 6361-6380 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic crashes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Worldwide, each year over a million people are killed and some ten million people are permanently disabled in road traffic crashes. Post-licence driver education is used by many as a strategy to reduce traffic crashes. However, the effectiveness of post-l
- Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2020
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids
- Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2013
Many learning needs arise in the early postpartum period, and it is important to examine interventions used to educate new parents about caring for their newborns during this time.
- Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow are postulated as causative factors. Ano
- Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Extremely premature infants are at risk of transient hypothyroxinaemia in the first weeks after birth. These low thyroid hormone levels are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity, mortality and longer term developmental impairments.
- Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome are at increased risk of adverse neonatal and developmental outcomes. In animal research, thyroid hormones stimulate surfactant production and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory distress whe
- Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2021
Cholangiocarcinoma (cancer in the bile duct) is an aggressive tumour for which surgical resection is a mainstay of treatment. Despite complete resection, recurrences of the cancer are common and lead to poor prognosis in patients. Postoperative adjuvant c
- Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer operated for cure.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the Western world. Apart from surgery - which remains the mainstay of treatment for resectable primary tumours - postoperative (i.e., adjuvant) chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based re
- Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2019
Spine surgery may be associated with severe acute postoperative pain. Compared with systemic analgesia alone, epidural analgesia may offer better pain control. However, epidural analgesia has sometimes been associated with rare but serious complications.
- Postoperative interventions for preventing bladder dysfunction after radical hysterectomy in women with early‐stage cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2021
Bladder dysfunction is a common complication following radical hysterectomy, caused by the damage to pelvic autonomic nerves that innervate the muscles of the bladder, urethral sphincter, and pelvic floor fasciae. Bladder dysfunction increases the rates o
- Postoperative procedures for improving fertility following pelvic reproductive surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Hydrotubation with oil-soluble contrast media for unexplained infertility and adhesiolysis for infertility due to peritubal adhesions are primary procedures that are of recognised benefit. It is less clear whether postoperative procedures such as hydrotub
- Post-operative radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2013
The addition of radiotherapy (RT) following breast conserving surgery (BCS) was first shown to reduce the risk of ipsilateral recurrence in the treatment of invasive breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive lesion. Recurrence of ip
- Postoperative radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was not clear. A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate available ev
- Postoperative tamoxifen for ductal carcinoma in situ
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Aug-2012
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive carcinoma of the breast. The incidence of DCIS has increased substantially over the last twenty years, largely as a result of the introduction of population-based mammographic screening. The treatment of D
- Post‐operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthroplasty with implants, which is the replacement of painful knuckle joints with artificial knuckle joints, has been performed for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1960s. The surgery is done because RA can cause
- Postpartum misoprostol for preventing maternal mortality and morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2013
The primary objective of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) prevention and treatment is to reduce maternal deaths. Misoprostol has the major public health advantage over injectable medication that it can more easily be distributed at community level. Because mi
- Post‐pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2015
Nutritional support is an essential component of critical care. Malnutrition has been associated with poor outcomes among patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Evidence suggests that in patients with a functional gut, nutrition should be administered t
- Post-surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2013
For gastric cancer surgery is the mainstay treatment. Chemotherapy seems to improve the survival results. But chemotherapy is not a complication-free therapy and its role has been questioned by some trials.
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Posture and fluids for preventing post‐dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2016
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of lumbar punctures. Several theories have identified the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the hole in the dura as a cause of this side effect. It is therefore necessary to take prev
