Showing 6481-6500 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2017
The immune response to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can lead to a series of postoperative morbidities and mortality i.e. hemodynamic instability, increased infection and arrhythmias. The systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) tha
- Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2010
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Prophylactic indomethacin results in the reduction in significant PDA, need for surgical ligation, severe intraventricular hemorrhage and serious pulmo
- Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
The use of central venous catheters is recognised as a risk factor for nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns but may also have the undesirable effect of promoting
- Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm and very low birth weight infants. Early diagnosis is difficult and treatment is often delayed. Systemically absorbed antifungal agents (usually azoles) are increas
- Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jun-2018
Previous research has shown that the prophylactic use of uterotonic agents in the third stage of labour reduces postpartum blood loss and moderate to severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). PPH is defined as a blood loss of 500 mL or more within 24 hours aft
- Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2018
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) types is causally linked with the development of cervical precancer and cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide.
- Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Early onset bacterial infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Various factors that increase the risk of neonatal infection have been identified. It is unclear whether asymptomatic newborn infants born to mothers with
- Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell anaemia during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2012
Sickle cells have a shorter life span than normal red blood cells. It has been suggested that pregnancy complications for women with sickle cell anaemia may be reduced by regular blood transfusions. The aim is to maintain haemoglobin at 60-70% of the norm
- Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2016
Pregnant women with sickle cell disease (HbSS, HbSC and HbSßThal) may require blood transfusion to prevent severe anaemia or to manage potential medical complications. Preventive blood transfusion in the absence of complications starting from the early we
- Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Surfactant therapy is effective in improving the outcome of very preterm infants. Trials have studied a wide variety of surfactant preparations used either to prevent or treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In animal models, prophylactic surfactant
- Prophylactic versus therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Amnioinfusion aims to relieve umbilical cord compression during labour by infusing a liquid into the uterine cavity.
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Feb-2018
Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of coagulation factors. Term infants, especially those who are exclusively breast fed, are deficient in vitamin K and consequently may have vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Preterm infants are potentially at g
- Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Vitamin K deficiency can cause bleeding in an infant in the first weeks of life. This is known as Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN). HDN is divided into three categories: early, classic and late HDN. Early HDN occurs within 24 hours post partum and
- Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a disease affecting immunocompromised patients. PCP among these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Prophylaxis of thromboembolism during therapy with asparaginase in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Oct-2020
The risk of venous thromboembolism is increased in adults and enhanced by asparaginase-based chemotherapy, and venous thromboembolism introduces a secondary risk of treatment delay and premature discontinuation of key anti-leukaemic agents, potentially co
- Propionyl‐L‐carnitine for intermittent claudication
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Dec-2021
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. Intermittent claudication is a symptomatic form of PAD that is characterized by pain in the lower limbs caused by chronic occlusive arterial disease. This pain develops in a
- Propofol for procedural sedation/anaesthesia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Elective medical or surgical procedures are commonplace for neonates admitted to NICU. Agents such as opioids are commonly used for achieving sedation/analgesia/anaesthesia for such procedures; however, these agents are associated with adverse effects. Pr
- Propofol for sedation during colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2011
Propofol is increasingly used for sedation during colonoscopy, with many recent reports of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large non-randomized case series.
- Propofol for the promotion of sleep in adults in the intensive care unit
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2018
People in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience sleep deprivation caused by environmental disruption, such as high noise levels and 24-hour lighting, as well as increased patient care activities and invasive monitoring as part of their care. Sleep depr
- Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2017
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 6, 2015).
