Showing 6621-6640 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Prophylactic manual rotation for fetal malposition to reduce operative delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2014
Manual rotation is commonly performed to increase the chances of normal vaginal delivery and is perceived to be safe. Manual rotation has the potential to prevent operative delivery and caesarean section, and reduce obstetric and neonatal complications.
- Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants. These episodes can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. In infants with apnoea, methylxanthine treatment has been used successful
- Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Weaning and extubating preterm infants on intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respiratory drive and tendency to develop hypercar
- Prophylactic milrinone for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2015
Children with congenital heart disease often undergo heart surgery at a young age. They are at risk for postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) or death. Milrinone may be used to provide inotropic and vasodilatory support during the immediate pos
- Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay.
- Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2016
Macular oedema (MO) is the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the central retina (the macula). It may occur after cataract surgery and may give rise to poor visual outcome, with reduced visual acuity and distortion of the central vision. MO is often s
- Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2021
Cohort studies have suggested that nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) starting in the immediate postnatal period before the onset of respiratory disease (prophylactic CPAP) may be beneficial in reducing the need for intubation and intermitte
- Prophylactic oral betamimetics for preventing preterm labour in singleton pregnancies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Preterm birth occurs in up to 6% to 10% of all births and is the major complication of pregnancy associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Previous preterm delivery is a strong predictor for preterm labour, and the earlier the birth, the more lik
- Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with a high risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity due to an increased rate of preterm birth. Betamimetics can decrease contraction frequency or delay preterm birth in singleton pregnancies by 24 to 48 hours. The efficacy
- Prophylactic oral/topical non‐absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Uncertainty exists about the effect of prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungals to reduce mucocutaneous colonisation and
- Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2019
Active management of the third stage of labour reduces the risk of postpartum blood loss (postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)), and is defined as administration of a prophylactic uterotonic, early umbilical cord clamping and controlled cord traction to facilitat
- Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2011
Low birth weight and premature infants are at major risk for exaggerated hyperbilirubinaemia and jaundice that can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and could be most effective in
- Prophylactic plasma transfusion for patients without inherited bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use undergoing non‐cardiac surgery or invasive procedures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2019
In the absence of bleeding, plasma is commonly transfused to people prophylactically to prevent bleeding. In this context, it is transfused before operative or invasive procedures (such as liver biopsy or chest drainage tube insertion) in those considered
- Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Platelet transfusions are used in modern clinical practice to prevent and treat bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients with bone marrow failure. Although considerable advances have been made in platelet transfusion therapy in the last 40 years, some areas
- Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2018
People with thrombocytopenia often require a surgical procedure. A low platelet count is a relative contraindication to surgery due to the risk of bleeding. Platelet transfusions are used in clinical practice to prevent and treat bleeding in people with t
- Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient hypothyroxinaemia) and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone replacement might prevent t
- Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of surfactant products including protein free synthetic surfactant have been developed and tested in the prevention and treatment of RDS.
- Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2017
The immune response to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can lead to a series of postoperative morbidities and mortality i.e. hemodynamic instability, increased infection and arrhythmias. The systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) tha
- Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Prophylactic indomethacin results in the reduction in significant PDA, need for surgical ligation, severe intraventricular hemorrhage and serious pulmo
- Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
The use of central venous catheters is recognised as a risk factor for nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns but may also have the undesirable effect of promoting
