Showing 6781-6800 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Perineal pain from a tear and/or surgical cut (episiotomy) is a common problem following vaginal birth. Strategies to reduce perineal trauma and the appropriate repair of any perineal damage sustained are important for avoiding and alleviating pain. Where
- Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2015
The incidence of hip fracture is increasing and it is more common with increasing age. Surgery is used for almost all hip fractures. Blood loss occurs as a consequence of both the fracture and the surgery and thus red blood cell transfusion is frequently
- Red blood cell transfusion to treat or prevent complications in sickle cell disease: an overview of Cochrane reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2018
Globally, sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premature
- Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage affects 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year, with a high mortality. Red blood cell transfusions are frequently given, but their impact on rebleeding rates and mortality is unknown.
- Red cell transfusion management for patients undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2014
Congenital heart disease is the most commonly diagnosed neonatal congenital condition. Without surgery, only 30% to 40% of patients affected will survive to 10 years old. Mortality has fallen since the 1990s with 2006 to 2007 figures showing surgical surv
- Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
The identification of serious pathologies, such as spinal malignancy, is one of the primary purposes of the clinical assessment of patients with low-back pain (LBP). Clinical guidelines recommend awareness of "red flag" features from the patient's clinica
- Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Low-back pain (LBP) is a common condition seen in primary care. A principal aim during a clinical examination is to identify patients with a higher likelihood of underlying serious pathology, such as vertebral fracture, who may require additional investig
- Red‐light cameras for the prevention of road traffic crashes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Road crashes are a prime cause of death and disability and red-light running is a common cause of crashes at signalised intersections. Red-light cameras are increasingly used to promote compliance with traffic signals. Manual enforcement methods are resou
- Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane review that was first published in 2011 of the effects of reducing dietary salt intake, through advice to reduce salt intake or low-sodium salt substitution, on mortality and cardiovascular events.
- Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2017
Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear.
- Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th
- Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jul-1999
In the past women have been advised that lowering their salt intake might reduce their risk of pre-eclampsia. Although this practice has largely ceased, it remains important to assess the evidence about possible effects of advice to alter dietary salt int
- Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2021
Medication errors are preventable events that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional or patient. Medication errors in hospitalised adults may cause harm, addi
- Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2020
Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats
- Reduction of the number of fetuses for women with a multiple pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2015
When couples are faced with the dilemma of a higher-order multiple pregnancy there are three options. Termination of the entire pregnancy has generally not been acceptable to women, especially for those with a past history of infertility. Attempting to co
- Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2019
The standard way to stop smoking is to quit abruptly on a designated quit day. A number of smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit this way. Reducing smoking before quitting could be an alternative approach to cessation. Before this method is adopted it
- Re‐feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2019
Routine monitoring of gastric residuals in preterm infants on gavage feeds is a common practice in many neonatal intensive care units and is used to guide the initiation and advancement of feeds. No guidelines or consensus is available on whether to re-fe
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2018
Melanoma has one of the fastest rising incidence rates of any cancer. It accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Early detection and treatment is key to improving survival; however, a
- Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2018
Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is important to guide appropriate management and improve morbidity and survival. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually a localised skin cancer but with potential to infiltrate and damage surrounding tissue
- Regimens of fetal surveillance for impaired fetal growth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Policies and protocols for fetal surveillance in the pregnancy where impaired fetal growth is suspected vary widely, with numerous combinations of different surveillance methods.
