Showing 7021-7040 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2011
Damage caused by lung overdistension (volutrauma) has been implicated in the development bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Modern neonatal ventilation modes can target a set tidal volume as an alternative to traditional pressure-limited ventilation using
- Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2012
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) continues to play a critical role in HIV prevention, care and treatment. In recent years, different modalities of VCT have been implemented, including clinic-, mobile- and home-based testing and counseling. This revi
- Voriconazole versus amphotericin B or fluconazole in cancer patients with neutropenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Opportunistic fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic cancer patients and antifungal therapy is used both empirically and therapeutically in these patients.
- Voxel-based morphometry for separation of schizophrenia from other types of psychosis in first episode psychosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2015
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder which involves distortions in thought and perception, blunted affect, and behavioural disturbances. The longer psychosis goes unnoticed and untreated, the more severe the repercussions for relapse and recovery. Ther
- Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Gastroschisis is a congenital anterior abdominal wall defect with the abdominal contents protruding through the defect. Reduction of the abdominal contents is required within hours after birth as the infant is at risk not only of water and heat loss from
- Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2016
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common condition in hospital patients. Considerable controversy is ongoing regarding optimal initial warfarin dosing for patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Achieving a therapeuti
- Warming of intravenous and irrigation fluids for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2015
Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (a drop in core temperature to below 36°C) occurs because of interference with normal temperature regulation by anaesthetic drugs, exposure of skin for prolonged periods and receipt of large volumes of intravenous and
- Washed versus unwashed red blood cells for transfusion for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2015
Infants born very preterm often receive multiple red blood cell (RBC) transfusions during their initial hospitalisation. However, there is an increasing awareness of potential adverse effects of RBC transfusions in this vulnerable patient population. Modi
- Washout policies in long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2010
People requiring long-term bladder draining with an indwelling catheter can experience catheter blockage. Regimens involving different solutions can be used to washout catheters with the aim of preventing blockage.
- Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2015
Dental caries is a major public health problem in most industrialised countries, affecting 60% to 90% of school children. Community water fluoridation was initiated in the USA in 1945 and is currently practised in about 25 countries around the world; heal
- Water for preventing urinary stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2012
Urinary stones are a common condition characterised by high incidence and high recurrence rate. For a long time, increased water intake has been the main preventive measure for the disease and its recurrence. This is an update of a review originally publi
- Water for wound cleansing
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2022
Although various solutions have been recommended for cleansing wounds, normal saline is favoured as it is an isotonic solution and is not thought to interfere with the normal healing process. Tap water is commonly used in community settings for cleansing
- Water infusion versus air insufflation for colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2015
Colonoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic modality. A large proportion of the population is likely to undergo colonoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases, or when participating in colorectal cancer screening programs. To r
- Water precautions for prevention of infection in children with ventilation tubes (grommets)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2016
Following middle ear ventilation tube (tympanostomy tube or grommet) insertion, most surgeons advise that a child's ears should be kept dry during the immediate postoperative period. Following the initial period some surgeons will permit swimming or bathi
- Water-based exercise for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2014
Asthma is a common condition characterised by airway inflammation and airway narrowing, which can result in intermittent symptoms of wheezing, coughing and chest tightness, possibly limiting activities of daily life. Water-based exercise is believed to of
- Water-based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2013
Land-based exercise training improves exercise capacity and quality of life in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Water-based exercise training is an alternative mode of physical exercise training that may appeal to the older popula
- Water-based exercises for improving activities of daily living after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2010
Water-based exercises are used in rehabilitation and might help to reduce disability after stroke.
- Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2020
Refractive errors (conditions in which the eye fails to focus objects accurately on the retina due to defects in the refractive system), are the most common cause of visual impairment. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are low-order aberrations, usually
- Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2012
Asthma and obesity are both public health problems with increasing prevalence globally. Several epidemiological studies have shown an association between asthma and obesity, however there is no good quality evidence on the effect of weight loss on asthma
- Weight reduction for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2011
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a wide spread liver disease. The present recommendations for treatment are not evidence-based. Some of them are various weight reduction measures with diet, exercise, drug, or surgical therapy.
