Showing 7061-7080 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Screening for peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Apr-2014
In the general population, up to 10% of people younger than 70 years and 15% to 20% of people older than 70 years have peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD has an estimated prevalence of 13% in the over 50 years age group. H
- Screening for prevention of optic nerve damage due to chronic open angle glaucoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Open angle glaucoma (OAG) is a primary, progressive optic neuropathy; the onset is without symptoms and progression occurs silently until the advanced stages of the disease, when it affects central vision. The blindness caused by OAG is irreversible. It h
- Screening for prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Any form of screening aims to reduce disease-specific and overall mortality, and to improve a person's future quality of life. Screening for prostate cancer has generated considerable debate within the medical and broader community, as demonstrated by the
- Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jun-2019
Screening for malignant melanoma has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from the disease through earlier detection, as prognosis is closely associated with the thickness of the lesion at the time of diagnosis. However, there are also potentia
- Screening for testicular cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Testicular cancer commonly affects men aged between 20 and 35 years. Screening for testicular cancer may reduce both morbidity and mortality, yet the effectiveness of any method is unknown. Equally, screening may also promote treatment procedures that are
- Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2020
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and associated with a heavy burden of microvascular and macrovascular complications, frequently remains undiagnosed. Screening of apparently healthy individuals may lead to early dete
- Screening hysteroscopy in subfertile women and women undergoing assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2019
Screening hysteroscopy in infertile women with unexplained infertility, or prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) may reveal intrauterine pathology that may not be detected by routine transvaginal ultrasound. Hysteroscopy
- Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2011
Uncorrected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is associated with long term morbidity such as gait abnormalities, chronic pain and degenerative arthritis.
- Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2013
Oral cancer is an important global healthcare problem, its incidence is increasing and late-stage presentation is common. Screening programmes have been introduced for a number of major cancers and have proved effective in their early detection. Given the
- Screening strategies for hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2020
Hypertension is a major public health challenge affecting more than one billion people worldwide; it disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where health systems are generally weak. The increasing prevalence of
- Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2021
Globally, children under 15 years represent approximately 12% of new tuberculosis cases, but 16% of the estimated 1.4 million deaths. This higher share of mortality highlights the urgent need to develop strategies to improve case detection in this age gro
- Screening with urinary dipsticks for reducing morbidity and mortality
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2015
Urinary dipsticks are sometimes used for screening asymptomatic people, and for case-finding among inpatients or outpatients who do not have genitourinary symptoms. Abnormalities identified on screening sometimes lead to additional investigations, which m
- Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2015
Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages individuals, their children, communities, and the wider economic and social fabric of society. Some governments and professional organisations recommend screening all women for IPV rather than asking only women with
- Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2016
Preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) complicates approximately 2% of pregnancies and can be either spontaneous or iatrogenic in nature. Complications of PPROM include prematurity, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, limb position defects, res
- Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Seclusion and restraint are interventions used in the treatment and management of disruptive and violent behaviours in psychiatry. The use of seclusion varies widely across institutions. The literature does offer numerous suggestions for interventions to
- Second or third additional chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with advanced disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2012
Randomized trials have demonstrated that adding a drug to a single-agent or to a two-agent regimen increased the tumor response rate in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its impact on survival remains controversial.
- Second trimester serum tests for Down's Syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 - or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome - rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental retardation. Noninvasive screening based
- Secondary bone grafting for alveolar cleft in children with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2011
Secondary alveolar bone grafting has been widely used to reconstruct alveolar cleft. However, there is still some controversy.
- Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2017
Currently, little evidence is available on the length and type of anticoagulation used for extended treatment for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with unprovoked VTE who have completed initial oral anticoagulation therapy.
- Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2021
Approximately 40% to 95% of people with cirrhosis have oesophageal varices. About 15% to 20% of oesophageal varices bleed in about one to three years of diagnosis. Several different treatments are available, which include endoscopic sclerotherapy, varicea
