Showing 701-720 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2016
Clinical trials and observational data have variously shown a protective, harmful or neutral effect of antihypertensives on cognitive function. In theory, withdrawal of antihypertensives could improve cerebral perfusion and reduce or delay cognitive decli
- Anti‐IgE therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2021
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with an approximate prevalence of 1 in 3500 live births. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a lung disease caused by aspergillus-induced hypersensitivity with a prevalence of 2% to 15%
- Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2016
Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) and briakinumab (ABT-874) are monoclonal antibodies that target the standard p40 subunit of the cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL-12/23p40), which are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
- Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2019
Ustekinumab and briakinumab are monoclonal antibodies that target the standard p40 subunit of cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL-12/23p40), which are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). A significant proportion of people wit
- Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2022
This is the second update of previously published reviews in the Cochrane Library (2015, first update 2017). Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is the main cytokine involved in the proliferation, maturation, activation and survival of eosinophils, which cause airway in
- Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2020
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major cause of hospital admissions, disease-related morbidity and mortality. COPD is a heterogeneous disease with distinct inflammatory phenotypes, including eosinophilia, which may drive
- Anti‐inflammatory drugs and analgesics for managing symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis‐related arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2016
Arthritis remains a relatively infrequent complication of cystic fibrosis, but is a cause of significant morbidity when it does occur. Two distinct types of arthritis are described in cystic fibrosis: cystic fibrosis-related arthropathy (CFA) and hypertro
- Anti‐inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2020
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Approximately 1% to 4% of children are affected by OSA, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy being the most common underlying risk factor. Surgical re
- Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2020
An increasing body of evidence suggests that inflammation plays a key role in stroke, in particular stroke of atherosclerotic origin. Anti-inflammatory medications are a widely heterogeneous group of drugs that are used to suppress the innate inflammatory
- Anti‐inflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-May-2015
Rheumatic heart disease remains an important cause of acquired heart disease in developing countries. Although prevention of rheumatic fever and management of recurrences have been well established, optimal management of active rheumatic carditis remains
- Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or anti‐immunoglobulin‐E agents, for people with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2021
Targeting the immunoglobulin E pathway and the interleukin-5 pathway with specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the cytokines or their receptors is effective in patients with severe asthma. However, there are patients who have suboptimal respons
- Anti‐leukotriene agents compared to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of recurrent and/or chronic asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Anti-leukotrienes (5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene receptors antagonists) serve as alternative monotherapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the management of recurrent and/or chronic asthma in adults and children.
- Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Antimalarials have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for several decades. Recently several trials have been published with larger sample sizes, and better design than previous studies. These newer trials have evaluated the efficacy
- Antimetabolites as an adjunct to dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Apr-2020
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a condition that results in the overflow of tears (epiphora) or infection of the nasolacrimal sac (dacryocystitis). The etiology of acquired NLDO is multifactorial and is not fully understood. Dacryocystorhinostomy
- Antimetabolites in cataract surgery to prevent failure of a previous trabeculectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2014
Patients having cataract surgery have often earlier undergone a trabeculectomy for glaucoma. However, cataract surgery may be associated with failure of the previous glaucoma surgery and antimetabolites may be used with cataract surgery to prevent such fa
- Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2017
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease and is used in more than 200,000 such patients globally. However, its value is often limited by the development of infections such as peritonitis and exit-site and
- Antimicrobial agents for preventing urinary tract infections in adults undergoing cystoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2019
Cystoscopy is commonly performed for diagnostic purposes to inspect the interior lining of the bladder. One disadvantage of cystoscopy is the risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) due to pre-existing colonization or by introduction of bacteria
- Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common problems for which young women seek medical attention.
- Antimicrobial dressings for the prevention of catheter‐related infections in newborn infants with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2016
Central venous catheters (CVCs) provide secured venous access in neonates. Antimicrobial dressings applied over the CVC sites have been proposed to reduce catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) by decreasing colonisation. However, there may be co
- Antimicrobial drugs for treating cholera
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2014
Cholera is an acute watery diarrhoea caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which if severe can cause rapid dehydration and death. Effective management requires early diagnosis and rehydration using oral rehydration salts or intravenous f
