Showing 61-80 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Dehydroepiandrosterone for systemic lupus erythematosus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2008
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory, multisystem autoimmune condition. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring inactive steroid which may possess disease activity modifying properties as well as the ability to reduc
- Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2022
Enteral feeding for very preterm or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is often delayed for several days after birth due to concern that early introduction of feeding may not be tolerated and may increase the risk of necrotising enterocolitis. Concerns
- Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2013
Changes in population diet are likely to reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer, but the effect of dietary advice is uncertain. This review is an update of a previous review published in 2007.
- Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
While initial dietary management immediately after formal diagnosis is an 'accepted' cornerstone of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a formal and systematic overview of its efficacy and method of delivery is not currently available.
- Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The average level of blood cholesterol is an important determinant of the risk of coronary heart disease. Blood cholesterol can be reduced by dietary means. Although dietitians are trained to provide dietary advice, for practical reasons it may be given b
- Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2021
Disease-related malnutrition has been reported in 10% to 55% of people in hospital and the community and is associated with significant health and social-care costs. Dietary advice (DA) encouraging consumption of energy- and nutrient-rich foods rather tha
- Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
Several dietary factors have been considered to be involved in the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in industrialised countries. Experimental and epidemiological evidence has been suggestive but not conclusive for a protective role for high dieta
- Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2014
A cholesterol-lowering diet and several other dietary interventions have been suggested as a management approach either independently or as an adjuvant to drug therapy in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, a consensus h
- Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2009
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease treated with dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet is initiated in the neonatal period to prevent mental handicap; however, it is restrictive and can be difficult to follow. Whether the diet
- Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Mar-2016
Dysmenorrhoea refers to painful menstrual cramps and is a common gynaecological complaint. Conventional treatments include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), which both reduce myometrial activity (contracti
- Dieting to reduce body weight for controlling hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2008
As early as the 1920's, researchers noted a relationship between caloric restriction, weight loss and a decreased incidence of hypertension (Terry 1922, Preble 1923, Bauman 1928, Master 1929). In 1988 a meta-analysis of aggregate data from 12 prospective
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2009
In type 2 diabetes mellitus there is a progressive loss of beta-cell function. One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.
- Disclosing to parents newborn carrier status identified by routine blood spot screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2013
Newborn blood spot screening programmes are designed to detect serious conditions affecting individuals, where early treatment can improve health. It is suggested that screening can improve the experience of diagnosis for parents. For example, without new
- Dornase alfa for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2021
Dornase alfa is currently used as a mucolytic to treat pulmonary disease (the major cause of morbidity and mortality) in cystic fibrosis. It reduces mucus viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions. This is an update of a previousl
- Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2014
Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric acidity, leading in turn to heartburn, peptic ulcers and the impairment of oral pancr
- Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2016
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate t
- Duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Respiratory disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). Life expectancy of people with CF has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. One of the major reasons for this increase is the mounting use of antibiotics to
- Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2008
It is customary for fluids and/or food to be withheld for a period of time after abdominal operations. After caesarean section, practices vary considerably. These discrepancies raise concern as to the bases of different practices.
- Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
This updated review from 2011 focus on early postoperative enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional management consist of 'nil by mouth', where patients receive fluids followed by solids when tolerated. Although several trials have im
- Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. A number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided conflicting evidence.
